4S3O

PCGF5-RING1B-UbcH5c complex

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A	d4s3oa1	Alpha and beta proteins (a+b)	UBC-like	UBC-like	UBC-related	automated matches	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
A	d4s3oa2	Artifacts	Tags	Tags	Tags	N-terminal Tags	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
B [auth D]	d4s3od1	Alpha and beta proteins (a+b)	UBC-like	UBC-like	UBC-related	automated matches	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
B [auth D]	d4s3od2	Artifacts	Tags	Tags	Tags	N-terminal Tags	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	UBC-like	8033550	3000570	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
B [auth D]	SCOP2B Superfamily	UBC-like	8033550	3000570	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
E [auth C]	SCOP2 Family	RING finger domain C3HC4	8080659	4000374	SCOP2 (2022-06-29)
E [auth C]	SCOP2 Superfamily	RING/U-box like	8080660	3000160	SCOP2 (2022-06-29)
F	SCOP2B Superfamily	RING/U-box like	8080660	3000160	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	UQ_con	e4s3oA1	A: a+b two layers	X: UBC-like	H: UBC-like (From Topology)	T: UBC-like	F: UQ_con	ECOD (1.6)
B [auth D]	UQ_con	e4s3oD1	A: a+b two layers	X: UBC-like	H: UBC-like (From Topology)	T: UBC-like	F: UQ_con	ECOD (1.6)
C [auth B]	zf-C3HC4_4	e4s3oB1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: RING/U-box-like	H: RING/U-box-like	T: RING/U-box	F: zf-C3HC4_4	ECOD (1.6)
D [auth E]	zf-C3HC4_4	e4s3oE1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: RING/U-box-like	H: RING/U-box-like	T: RING/U-box	F: zf-C3HC4_4	ECOD (1.6)
E [auth C]	zf-C3HC4_4	e4s3oC1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: RING/U-box-like	H: RING/U-box-like	T: RING/U-box	F: zf-C3HC4_4	ECOD (1.6)
F	zf-C3HC4_4	e4s3oF1	A: few secondary structure elements	X: RING/U-box-like	H: RING/U-box-like	T: RING/U-box	F: zf-C3HC4_4	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
A	3.10.110.10	Alpha Beta	Roll	Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme	Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme	CATH (4.3.0)
B [auth D]	3.10.110.10	Alpha Beta	Roll	Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme	Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme	CATH (4.3.0)
C [auth B]	3.30.40.10	Alpha Beta	2-Layer Sandwich	Herpes Virus-1	Zinc/RING finger domain, C3HC4 (zinc finger)	CATH (4.3.0)
D [auth E]	3.30.40.10	Alpha Beta	2-Layer Sandwich	Herpes Virus-1	Zinc/RING finger domain, C3HC4 (zinc finger)	CATH (4.3.0)
E [auth C]	3.30.40.10	Alpha Beta	2-Layer Sandwich	Herpes Virus-1	Zinc/RING finger domain, C3HC4 (zinc finger)	CATH (4.3.0)
F	3.30.40.10	Alpha Beta	2-Layer Sandwich	Herpes Virus-1	Zinc/RING finger domain, C3HC4 (zinc finger)	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A, B [auth D]	PF00179	Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UQ_con)	Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme	Proteins destined for proteasome-mediated degradation may be ubiquitinated. Ubiquitination follows conjugation of ubiquitin to a conserved cysteine residue of UBC homologues. TSG101 is one of several UBC homologues that lacks this active site cystein ...	Proteins destined for proteasome-mediated degradation may be ubiquitinated. Ubiquitination follows conjugation of ubiquitin to a conserved cysteine residue of UBC homologues. TSG101 is one of several UBC homologues that lacks this active site cysteine [4, 5].	Domain
C [auth B], D [auth E]	PF13923	Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger) (zf-C3HC4_2)	Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger)	-	Domain
E [auth C], F	PF13923	Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger) (zf-C3HC4_2)	Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger)	-	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A, B [auth D]	Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D3	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity aminoacyltransferase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity transferase activity catalytic activity ubiquitin-protein transferase activity ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity ubiquitin protein ligase activity binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity aminoacyltransferase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity transferase activity catalytic activity ubiquitin-protein transferase activity ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity ubiquitin protein ligase activity binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding purine nucleotide binding organic cyclic compound binding anion binding adenyl nucleotide binding ATP binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding ubiquitin protein ligase binding protein binding ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding enzyme binding	organic substance metabolic process organonitrogen compound metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process primary metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process protein modification process cellular process apoptotic process cell death programmed cell death protein autoubiquitination protein ubiquitination organic substance metabolic process organonitrogen compound metabolic process macromolecule modification metabolic process primary metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process protein modification process cellular process apoptotic process cell death programmed cell death protein autoubiquitination protein ubiquitination post-translational protein modification protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal cellular response to stimulus cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway regulation of cellular process cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to stimulus signaling negative regulation of signaling regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway negative regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway negative regulation of cell communication cell communication cellular response to endogenous stimulus negative regulation of cellular process signal transduction BMP signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway cellular response to BMP stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of signaling cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of BMP signaling pathway negative regulation of response to stimulus response to endogenous stimulus regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus biological regulation negative regulation of signal transduction response to BMP regulation of response to stimulus regulation of cell communication transforming growth factor beta receptor superfamily signaling pathway response to growth factor negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway organonitrogen compound catabolic process catabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process proteasomal protein catabolic process protein catabolic process proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process proteolysis ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process organic substance catabolic process protein localization regulation of localization establishment of protein localization cellular localization regulation of protein localization protein targeting regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of establishment of protein localization localization cellular macromolecule localization positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion positive regulation of cellular process regulation of establishment of protein localization establishment of localization regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion establishment of protein localization to organelle regulation of protein targeting regulation of cellular localization macromolecule localization protein localization to organelle protein localization to mitochondrion positive regulation of protein localization protein targeting to mitochondrion establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion protein K6-linked ubiquitination protein polyubiquitination DNA metabolic process nucleic acid metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process organic cyclic compound metabolic process cellular response to stress DNA damage response response to stress DNA repair protein K11-linked ubiquitination protein K48-linked ubiquitination negative regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process transcription by RNA polymerase II organic substance biosynthetic process negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II cellular metabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of RNA metabolic process cellular biosynthetic process RNA metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleic acid biosynthetic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of biosynthetic process protein monoubiquitination	extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space cellular anatomical entity vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol cell periphery extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space cellular anatomical entity vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol cell periphery plasma membrane membrane nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen endosome membrane endosome intracellular vesicle endomembrane system cytoplasmic vesicle membrane bounding membrane of organelle vesicle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle organelle membrane protein-containing complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex intracellular protein-containing complex
C [auth B], D [auth E]	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2	protein binding binding RING-like zinc finger domain binding protein domain specific binding protein-containing complex binding chromatin binding aminoacyltransferase activity histone H2A ubiquitin ligase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity transferase activity histone ubiquitin ligase activity ubiquitin-protein transferase activity protein binding binding RING-like zinc finger domain binding protein domain specific binding protein-containing complex binding chromatin binding aminoacyltransferase activity histone H2A ubiquitin ligase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity transferase activity histone ubiquitin ligase activity ubiquitin-protein transferase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity ubiquitin protein ligase activity histone modifying activity catalytic activity cation binding transition metal ion binding zinc ion binding ion binding metal ion binding small molecule binding	cellular process cell cycle mitotic cell cycle developmental process multicellular organism development multicellular organismal process anatomical structure morphogenesis gastrulation with mouth forming second embryonic morphogenesis anatomical structure development embryo development gastrulation regulation of cellular process cellular biosynthetic process cellular process cell cycle mitotic cell cycle developmental process multicellular organism development multicellular organismal process anatomical structure morphogenesis gastrulation with mouth forming second embryonic morphogenesis anatomical structure development embryo development gastrulation regulation of cellular process cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity RNA metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleic acid biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process organic substance metabolic process organic substance biosynthetic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of biological process cellular metabolic process negative regulation of molecular function biological regulation primary metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of molecular function organic cyclic compound metabolic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process metabolic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process sexual reproduction cellular developmental process reproductive process multicellular organismal reproductive process cell development cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism developmental process involved in reproduction gamete generation cell differentiation germ cell development protein-DNA complex organization cellular component organization chromatin organization chromatin remodeling cellular component organization or biogenesis protein-containing complex organization epigenetic regulation of gene expression organonitrogen compound metabolic process protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification protein metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal anterior/posterior axis specification anterior/posterior pattern specification pattern specification process regionalization axis specification negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of RNA metabolic process negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process negative regulation of biosynthetic process	membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure organelle nucleus nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cellular anatomical entity PcG protein complex protein-DNA complex sex chromosome chromatin chromosome membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure organelle nucleus nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cellular anatomical entity PcG protein complex protein-DNA complex sex chromosome chromatin chromosome heterochromatin sex chromatin intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle non-membrane-bounded organelle PRC1 complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex intracellular protein-containing complex cytoplasm membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular organelle lumen nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen euchromatin nuclear body histone methyltransferase complex MLL1/2 complex MLL1 complex methyltransferase complex
E [auth C], F	Polycomb group RING finger protein 5	aminoacyltransferase activity histone H2A ubiquitin ligase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity transferase activity histone ubiquitin ligase activity ubiquitin-protein transferase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity ubiquitin protein ligase activity histone modifying activity catalytic activity cation binding aminoacyltransferase activity histone H2A ubiquitin ligase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity transferase activity histone ubiquitin ligase activity ubiquitin-protein transferase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity ubiquitin protein ligase activity histone modifying activity catalytic activity cation binding ion binding binding metal ion binding small molecule binding	regulation of cellular process cellular biosynthetic process RNA metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process regulation of RNA metabolic process transcription by RNA polymerase II organic substance metabolic process organic substance biosynthetic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of cellular process cellular biosynthetic process RNA metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process regulation of RNA metabolic process transcription by RNA polymerase II organic substance metabolic process organic substance biosynthetic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of biological process cellular metabolic process biological regulation primary metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process organic cyclic compound metabolic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process metabolic process cellular process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of RNA metabolic process positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process positive regulation of cellular process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of cellular metabolic process protein-DNA complex organization cellular component organization chromatin organization negative regulation of cellular process chromatin remodeling cellular component organization or biogenesis negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process random inactivation of X chromosome heterochromatin formation protein-containing complex organization sex-chromosome dosage compensation epigenetic regulation of gene expression negative regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of gene expression negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic	membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure organelle nucleus nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cellular anatomical entity PcG protein complex sex chromosome intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle chromosome non-membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure organelle nucleus nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cellular anatomical entity PcG protein complex sex chromosome intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle chromosome non-membrane-bounded organelle X chromosome Golgi apparatus cytoplasm endomembrane system centrosome microtubule organizing center cytoskeleton microtubule cytoskeleton PRC1 complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex intracellular protein-containing complex membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular organelle lumen nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A, B [auth D]	IPR016135	Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme/RWD-like	Homologous Superfamily
A, B [auth D]	IPR000608	Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2	Domain
A, B [auth D]	IPR023313	Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, active site	Active Site
C [auth B], D [auth E]	IPR043540	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1/RING2	Family
C [auth B], D [auth E]	IPR017907	Zinc finger, RING-type, conserved site	Conserved Site
C [auth B], D [auth E]	IPR032443	RAWUL domain	Domain
C [auth B], D [auth E]	IPR037937	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2, RAWUL domain	Domain
C [auth B], D [auth E]	IPR013083	Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type	Homologous Superfamily
C [auth B], D [auth E]	IPR001841	Zinc finger, RING-type	Domain
E [auth C], F	IPR017907	Zinc finger, RING-type, conserved site	Conserved Site
E [auth C], F	IPR032443	RAWUL domain	Domain
E [auth C], F	IPR013083	Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type	Homologous Superfamily
E [auth C], F	IPR001841	Zinc finger, RING-type	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A, B [auth D]	Pharos: P61077	pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm pituitary cancer rheumatoid arthritis astrocytic tumor autism spectrum disorder endogenous depression IgA glomerulonephritis malignant ependymoma non-small cell lung carcinoma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia plasma cell myeloma attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type Down syndrome esophageal adenocarcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm pituitary cancer rheumatoid arthritis astrocytic tumor autism spectrum disorder endogenous depression IgA glomerulonephritis malignant ependymoma non-small cell lung carcinoma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia plasma cell myeloma attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type Down syndrome esophageal adenocarcinoma juvenile dermatomyositis medulloblastoma oligodendroglioma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma Pick disease progressive supranuclear palsy atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy glioblastoma large cell medulloblastoma myopathy ovarian cancer
C [auth B], D [auth E]	Pharos: Q99496	astrocytic tumor oligodendroglioma breast carcinoma epilepsy
E [auth C], F	Pharos: Q86SE9	sarcoidosis adenoma ductal breast carcinoma in situ large cell medulloblastoma malignant glioma osteosarcoma pilocytic astrocytoma psoriasis subependymal giant cell astrocytoma atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor invasive ductal breast carcinoma lung adenocarcinoma medulloblastoma ovarian cancer primitive neuroectodermal tumor sarcoidosis adenoma ductal breast carcinoma in situ large cell medulloblastoma malignant glioma osteosarcoma pilocytic astrocytoma psoriasis subependymal giant cell astrocytoma atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor invasive ductal breast carcinoma lung adenocarcinoma medulloblastoma ovarian cancer primitive neuroectodermal tumor rheumatoid arthritis breast cancer juvenile dermatomyositis malignant ependymoma non-small cell lung carcinoma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progressive supranuclear palsy

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the National Science Foundation (DBI-1832184), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM133198.