4L4R | pdb_00004l4r

Structural Characterisation of the Apo-form of Human Lactate Dehydrogenase M Isozyme

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
B [auth H]	d4l4rh1	Alpha and beta proteins (a/b)	NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold domains	NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold domains	LDH N-terminal domain-like	Lactate dehydrogenase	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
B [auth H]	d4l4rh2	Alpha and beta proteins (a+b)	LDH C-terminal domain-like	LDH C-terminal domain-like	Lactate & malate dehydrogenases, C-terminal domain	Lactate dehydrogenase	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
A	d4l4ra1	Alpha and beta proteins (a/b)	NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold domains	NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold domains	LDH N-terminal domain-like	Lactate dehydrogenase	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
A	d4l4ra2	Alpha and beta proteins (a+b)	LDH C-terminal domain-like	LDH C-terminal domain-like	Lactate & malate dehydrogenases, C-terminal domain	Lactate dehydrogenase	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
B [auth H]	SCOP2B Superfamily	LDH/MDH/AglA-like	8057306	3000039	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	LDH/MDH/AglA-like	8057306	3000039	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
B [auth H]	Aldo_ket_red	e4l4rH1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: jelly-roll	H: Galactose-binding domain-like	T: Galactose-binding domain-like	F: Aldo_ket_red	ECOD (v294.1)
B [auth H]	EPSP_synthase	e4l4rH2	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: P-loop domains-like	H: ARM repeat	T: ARM repeat	F: EPSP_synthase	ECOD (v294.1)
A	Aldo_ket_red	e4l4rA1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: jelly-roll	H: Galactose-binding domain-like	T: Galactose-binding domain-like	F: Aldo_ket_red	ECOD (v294.1)
A	EPSP_synthase	e4l4rA2	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: P-loop domains-like	H: ARM repeat	T: ARM repeat	F: EPSP_synthase	ECOD (v294.1)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
B [auth H]	3.40.50.720	Alpha Beta	3-Layer(aba) Sandwich	Rossmann fold	NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain	CATH (4.3.0)
B [auth H]	3.90.110.10	Alpha Beta	Alpha-Beta Complex	L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase	Chain A, domain 2	CATH (4.3.0)
A	3.40.50.720	Alpha Beta	3-Layer(aba) Sandwich	Rossmann fold	NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain	CATH (4.3.0)
A	3.90.110.10	Alpha Beta	Alpha-Beta Complex	L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase	Chain A, domain 2	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A, B [auth H]	PF02866	lactate/malate dehydrogenase, alpha/beta C-terminal domain (Ldh_1_C)	lactate/malate dehydrogenase, alpha/beta C-terminal domain	L-lactate dehydrogenases are metabolic enzymes which catalyse the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate, the last step in anaerobic glycolysis. L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases are also members of the family. Malate dehydrogenases catalyse the in ...	L-lactate dehydrogenases are metabolic enzymes which catalyse the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate, the last step in anaerobic glycolysis. L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases are also members of the family. Malate dehydrogenases catalyse the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate. The enzyme participates in the citric acid cycle. L-lactate dehydrogenase is also found as a lens crystallin in bird and crocodile eyes.	Domain
A, B [auth H]	PF00056	lactate/malate dehydrogenase, NAD binding domain (Ldh_1_N)	lactate/malate dehydrogenase, NAD binding domain	L-lactate dehydrogenases are metabolic enzymes which catalyse the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate, the last step in anaerobic glycolysis. L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases are also members of the family. Malate dehydrogenases catalyse the in ...	L-lactate dehydrogenases are metabolic enzymes which catalyse the conversion of L-lactate to pyruvate, the last step in anaerobic glycolysis. L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases are also members of the family. Malate dehydrogenases catalyse the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate. The enzyme participates in the citric acid cycle. L-lactate dehydrogenase is also found as a lens crystallin in bird and crocodile eyes. N-terminus (this family) is a Rossmann NAD-binding fold. C-terminus is an unusual alpha+beta fold.	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A, B [auth H]	L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain	cell adhesion molecule binding cadherin binding protein binding binding L-lactate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity oxidoreductase activity L-lactate dehydrogenase activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors lactate dehydrogenase activity catalytic activity identical protein binding	ribonucleotide catabolic process pyridine nucleotide catabolic process aerobic respiration oxoacid metabolic process carbohydrate catabolic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process organophosphate catabolic process nucleoside phosphate catabolic process organic acid metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process glycolytic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process pyridine-containing compound metabolic process small molecule metabolic process ribonucleotide catabolic process pyridine nucleotide catabolic process aerobic respiration oxoacid metabolic process carbohydrate catabolic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process organophosphate catabolic process nucleoside phosphate catabolic process organic acid metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process glycolytic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process pyridine-containing compound metabolic process small molecule metabolic process purine ribonucleotide catabolic process phosphorus metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process pyruvate metabolic process purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process primary metabolic process purine-containing compound catabolic process nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process metabolic process nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process monocarboxylic acid metabolic process purine ribonucleotide metabolic process pyridine-containing compound catabolic process ribose phosphate metabolic process cellular respiration catabolic process ATP metabolic process energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds purine nucleotide metabolic process ribonucleotide metabolic process nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process nucleotide catabolic process purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process purine nucleotide catabolic process carbohydrate metabolic process carbohydrate derivative catabolic process ADP catabolic process carboxylic acid metabolic process generation of precursor metabolites and energy purine-containing compound metabolic process ADP metabolic process organophosphate metabolic process purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process cellular process purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process developmental process multicellular organismal process head development animal organ development brain development nervous system development substantia nigra development multicellular organism development central nervous system development midbrain development anatomical structure development neural nucleus development system development lactate metabolic process organic acid catabolic process monocarboxylic acid catabolic process carboxylic acid catabolic process small molecule catabolic process pyruvate catabolic process	membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure mitochondrion organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex catalytic complex oxidoreductase complex membrane extracellular exosome extracellular vesicle membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure mitochondrion organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex catalytic complex oxidoreductase complex membrane extracellular exosome extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle cytosol cell projection sperm fibrous sheath cilium 9+2 motile cilium sperm flagellum motile cilium plasma membrane bounded cell projection nucleus

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A, B [auth H]	IPR011304	L-lactate dehydrogenase	Family
A, B [auth H]	IPR018177	L-lactate dehydrogenase, active site	Active Site
A, B [auth H]	IPR015955	Lactate dehydrogenase/glycoside hydrolase, family 4, C-terminal	Homologous Superfamily
A, B [auth H]	IPR001557	L-lactate/malate dehydrogenase	Family
A, B [auth H]	IPR001236	Lactate/malate dehydrogenase, N-terminal	Domain
A, B [auth H]	IPR036291	NAD(P)-binding domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B [auth H]	IPR022383	Lactate/malate dehydrogenase, C-terminal	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A, B [auth H]	Pharos: P00338	glycogen storage disease due to lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency myoglobinuria cardiomyopathy myocardial infarction glycogen storage disease rhabdomyolysis Adenocarcinoma of Lung cancer diabetes mellitus attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type inborn errors of metabolism lung adenocarcinoma bipolar disorder major depressive disorder

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729. RCSB PDB uses resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a Department of Energy User Facility.