3TG1

Crystal structure of p38alpha in complex with a MAPK docking partner

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A	d3tg1a_	Alpha and beta proteins (a+b)	Protein kinase-like (PK-like)	Protein kinase-like (PK-like)	Protein kinases, catalytic subunit	MAP kinase p38	mouse (Mus musculus ) [TaxId: 10090 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Protein kinase-like (PK-like)	8036628	3000066	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	Pkinase_Tyr	e3tg1A1	A: a+b complex topology	X: Protein kinase/SAICAR synthase/ATP-grasp (From Homology)	H: Protein kinase/SAICAR synthase/ATP-grasp	T: Protein kinase	F: Pkinase_Tyr	ECOD (1.6)
B	Rhodanese	e3tg1B1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: Flavodoxin-like	H: Flavoproteins/Phosphotyrosine protein phosphatases-like	T: Rhodanese/Cell cycle control phosphatase	F: Rhodanese	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
A	3.30.200.20	Alpha Beta	2-Layer Sandwich	Phosphorylase Kinase	domain 1	CATH (4.3.0)
A	1.10.510.10	Mainly Alpha	Orthogonal Bundle	Transferase(Phosphotransferase)	domain 1	CATH (4.3.0)
B	3.40.250.10	Alpha Beta	3-Layer(aba) Sandwich	Oxidized Rhodanese	domain 1	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF00069	Protein kinase domain (Pkinase)	Protein kinase domain	-	Domain
B	PF00581	Rhodanese-like domain (Rhodanese)	Rhodanese-like domain	Rhodanese has an internal duplication. This Pfam represents a single copy of this duplicated domain. The domain is found as a single copy in other proteins, including phosphatases and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases.	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	kinase activity transferase activity catalytic activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups protein phosphatase binding phosphatase binding protein binding binding enzyme binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding kinase activity transferase activity catalytic activity transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups protein phosphatase binding phosphatase binding protein binding binding enzyme binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding purine nucleotide binding organic cyclic compound binding anion binding adenyl nucleotide binding ATP binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding protein serine/threonine kinase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein protein kinase activity MAP kinase activity phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor transcription factor binding RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding DNA-binding transcription factor binding NFAT protein binding protein serine kinase activity kinase binding mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding protein kinase binding mitogen-activated protein kinase binding	cellular response to stimulus cellular response to stress response to stimulus DNA damage response response to stress cellular process stress-induced premature senescence cellular metabolic process cellular senescence metabolic process regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process signaling biological regulation cellular response to stimulus cellular response to stress response to stimulus DNA damage response response to stress cellular process stress-induced premature senescence cellular metabolic process cellular senescence metabolic process regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process signaling biological regulation p38MAPK cascade intracellular signal transduction cell communication intracellular signaling cassette MAPK cascade signal transduction developmental process regulation of developmental process cellular developmental process positive regulation of biological process regulation of cell differentiation positive regulation of myoblast differentiation muscle structure development positive regulation of developmental process positive regulation of cell differentiation cell differentiation anatomical structure development regulation of myoblast differentiation myoblast differentiation positive regulation of cellular process placenta development animal organ development cellular biosynthetic process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process organic substance metabolic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process organic substance biosynthetic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process multicellular organismal process regulation of growth positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth developmental growth cardiac muscle cell proliferation organ growth striated muscle tissue development multicellular organism development positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation regulation of organ growth regulation of heart growth regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation muscle cell proliferation regulation of multicellular organismal process cardiac muscle tissue growth muscle tissue development positive regulation of developmental growth system development striated muscle cell proliferation positive regulation of heart growth heart development heart growth regulation of multicellular organismal development cell population proliferation regulation of developmental growth cardiac muscle tissue development positive regulation of organ growth growth tissue development circulatory system development positive regulation of growth regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth positive regulation of multicellular organismal process skeletal system development bone development apoptotic process cell death programmed cell death negative regulation of signaling regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway canonical Wnt signaling pathway negative regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of cell communication negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway negative regulation of cellular process Wnt signaling pathway regulation of signaling cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of Wnt signaling pathway negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus regulation of cell communication response to ionizing radiation cellular response to ionizing radiation response to radiation response to abiotic stimulus cellular response to radiation cellular response to abiotic stimulus cellular response to environmental stimulus cell aggregation connective tissue development cartilage condensation anatomical structure morphogenesis skeletal system morphogenesis animal organ morphogenesis cartilage development protein localization regulation of localization establishment of protein localization nitrogen compound transport nucleocytoplasmic transport nuclear transport positive regulation of establishment of protein localization localization import into nucleus cellular macromolecule localization establishment of localization in cell regulation of intracellular transport positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus organic substance transport positive regulation of protein import into nucleus intracellular transport regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport protein localization to nucleus establishment of localization establishment of protein localization to organelle positive regulation of protein localization regulation of intracellular protein transport positive regulation of intracellular protein transport intracellular protein transport cellular localization regulation of protein localization transport positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport regulation of protein localization to nucleus positive regulation of protein transport regulation of protein import into nucleus protein import into nucleus positive regulation of intracellular transport regulation of transport regulation of establishment of protein localization regulation of protein transport positive regulation of transport regulation of cellular localization protein transport macromolecule localization protein localization to organelle monosaccharide metabolic process carbohydrate metabolic process hexose metabolic process small molecule metabolic process primary metabolic process glucose metabolic process response to light stimulus response to UV response to UV-B cellular response to UV-B cellular response to light stimulus cellular response to UV hippo signaling negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of hippo signaling regulation of hippo signaling regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation muscle cell differentiation myotube differentiation positive regulation of myotube differentiation positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation regulation of myotube differentiation positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation regulation of muscle cell differentiation striated muscle cell differentiation RNA metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleic acid biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process organic cyclic compound metabolic process organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription cell morphogenesis homeostatic process cell development regulation of cell development regulation of immune system process myeloid cell homeostasis erythrocyte homeostasis hemopoiesis regulation of myeloid cell differentiation erythrocyte differentiation regulation of erythrocyte differentiation positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation multicellular organismal-level homeostasis myeloid cell differentiation immune system process positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation regulation of hemopoiesis homeostasis of number of cells response to organic substance biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms cellular response to lipoteichoic acid response to other organism response to oxygen-containing compound response to lipoteichoic acid response to external stimulus cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin cellular response to oxygen-containing compound response to biotic stimulus cellular response to biotic stimulus cellular response to chemical stimulus response to chemical response to bacterium response to external biotic stimulus response to molecule of bacterial origin organonitrogen compound metabolic process protein phosphorylation phosphorylation peptidyl-serine modification peptidyl-serine phosphorylation macromolecule modification peptidyl-amino acid modification phosphate-containing compound metabolic process protein metabolic process protein modification process phosphorus metabolic process positive regulation of cellular component organization regulation of cellular component organization regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion cell-cell fusion cellular component organization cellular component organization or biogenesis syncytium formation positive regulation of myoblast fusion myoblast fusion regulation of myoblast fusion positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis regulation of cell adhesion regulation of synaptic membrane adhesion regulation of synapse organization cell adhesion cell junction organization cell-cell adhesion regulation of synapse structure or activity regulation of cell-cell adhesion synapse organization regulation of biological quality synaptic membrane adhesion cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules chondrocyte differentiation transcription by RNA polymerase II regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of RNA metabolic process positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process cellular response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus response to growth factor DNA damage checkpoint signaling regulation of cell cycle phase transition negative regulation of cell cycle cell cycle phase transition negative regulation of cell cycle phase transition cell cycle regulation of cell cycle cell cycle process regulation of cell cycle process DNA integrity checkpoint signaling negative regulation of cell cycle process cell cycle checkpoint signaling signal transduction in response to DNA damage ossification osteoblast differentiation blood vessel morphogenesis tube development angiogenesis vasculature development tube morphogenesis blood vessel development stress-activated MAPK cascade stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade response to lipid cellular response to lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway cellular response to organic substance response to lipopolysaccharide cellular response to lipid regulation of ossification skeletal muscle organ development skeletal muscle tissue development muscle organ development regulation of interleukin-12 production cytokine production regulation of cytokine production interleukin-12 production positive regulation of interleukin-12 production positive regulation of cytokine production reactive oxygen species metabolic process positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process response to cytokine cellular response to tumor necrosis factor cellular response to cytokine stimulus response to tumor necrosis factor fat cell differentiation positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation positive regulation of fat cell differentiation regulation of brown fat cell differentiation brown fat cell differentiation regulation of fat cell differentiation response to hormone response to organonitrogen compound response to peptide hormone response to insulin response to nitrogen compound cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response defense response cytokine production involved in inflammatory response inflammatory response fatty acid metabolic process oxoacid metabolic process carboxylic acid metabolic process lipid modification organic acid metabolic process fatty acid oxidation cellular lipid metabolic process lipid oxidation monocarboxylic acid metabolic process lipid metabolic process response to muramyl dipeptide myeloid leukocyte differentiation osteoclast differentiation leukocyte differentiation stem cell differentiation hexose transmembrane transport glucose import carbohydrate transport transmembrane transport glucose transmembrane transport monosaccharide transmembrane transport carbohydrate transmembrane transport cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of transmembrane transport regulation of glucose import positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport regulation of glucose transmembrane transport regulation of transmembrane transport positive regulation of glucose import cellular response to virus response to virus response to mechanical stimulus response to muscle stretch response to nutrient levels response to dietary excess energy homeostasis	intracellular organelle intracellular anatomical structure cytoskeleton spindle organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle spindle pole cellular anatomical entity microtubule cytoskeleton non-membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle intracellular anatomical structure cytoskeleton spindle organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle spindle pole cellular anatomical entity microtubule cytoskeleton non-membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle lumen nuclear speck nuclear body nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen cytoplasm cytosol synapse cell junction glutamatergic synapse mitochondrion
B	Dual specificity protein phosphatase 10	JUN kinase binding protein binding binding kinase binding enzyme binding protein kinase binding phosphoric ester hydrolase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds MAP kinase phosphatase activity phosphatase activity hydrolase activity catalytic activity JUN kinase binding protein binding binding kinase binding enzyme binding protein kinase binding phosphoric ester hydrolase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds MAP kinase phosphatase activity phosphatase activity hydrolase activity catalytic activity protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity myosin phosphatase activity mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding mitogen-activated protein kinase binding protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity MAP kinase tyrosine phosphatase activity protein tyrosine phosphatase activity MAP kinase tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity	multicellular organismal process regulation of cellular process cellular developmental process regulation of developmental process negative regulation of biological process cell development regulation of cell differentiation regulation of neurogenesis regulation of gliogenesis regulation of cell development regulation of nervous system development multicellular organism development neurogenesis negative regulation of neurogenesis gliogenesis multicellular organismal process regulation of cellular process cellular developmental process regulation of developmental process negative regulation of biological process cell development regulation of cell differentiation regulation of neurogenesis regulation of gliogenesis regulation of cell development regulation of nervous system development multicellular organism development neurogenesis negative regulation of neurogenesis gliogenesis cell differentiation anatomical structure development negative regulation of cellular process regulation of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of nervous system development negative regulation of cell differentiation system development developmental process regulation of biological process regulation of multicellular organismal development negative regulation of developmental process regulation of glial cell differentiation biological regulation nervous system development negative regulation of gliogenesis negative regulation of cell development negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation negative regulation of glial cell differentiation central nervous system development oligodendrocyte differentiation glial cell differentiation cellular process negative regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation fat cell differentiation regulation of brown fat cell differentiation brown fat cell differentiation regulation of fat cell differentiation cellular response to stimulus response to stimulus regulation of catalytic activity negative regulation of catalytic activity regulation of signal transduction regulation of transferase activity regulation of MAP kinase activity intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process cell communication negative regulation of kinase activity negative regulation of transferase activity negative regulation of JNK cascade regulation of phosphate metabolic process JNK cascade phosphate-containing compound metabolic process intracellular signaling cassette negative regulation of protein modification process signal transduction phosphorus metabolic process protein modification process negative regulation of protein metabolic process protein phosphorylation phosphorylation cellular metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process regulation of JNK cascade regulation of cellular metabolic process primary metabolic process regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of molecular function regulation of kinase activity regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of protein phosphorylation regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity macromolecule modification regulation of phosphorus metabolic process metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation signaling negative regulation of signaling negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of cell communication organic substance metabolic process regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity protein metabolic process negative regulation of JUN kinase activity negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of signaling organonitrogen compound metabolic process negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of molecular function negative regulation of MAP kinase activity regulation of protein kinase activity regulation of macromolecule metabolic process negative regulation of protein kinase activity negative regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process regulation of JUN kinase activity MAPK cascade regulation of cell communication regulation of phosphorylation negative regulation of phosphorylation negative regulation of MAPK cascade tissue regeneration epithelium development regulation of growth regulation of developmental growth developmental growth regulation of epithelium regeneration growth tissue development regeneration epithelium regeneration negative regulation of developmental growth negative regulation of growth negative regulation of epithelium regeneration stress-activated MAPK cascade stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade cellular response to stress response to stress negative regulation of p38MAPK cascade p38MAPK cascade regulation of p38MAPK cascade regulation of leukocyte differentiation regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of cell activation mononuclear cell differentiation lymphocyte differentiation positive regulation of T cell differentiation positive regulation of developmental process positive regulation of cell activation T cell activation positive regulation of leukocyte activation T cell differentiation regulation of immune system process positive regulation of immune system process positive regulation of T cell activation positive regulation of cell development positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of multicellular organismal process leukocyte differentiation positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion lymphocyte activation leukocyte cell-cell adhesion leukocyte activation positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion regulation of T cell differentiation positive regulation of lymphocyte activation cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of hemopoiesis positive regulation of cell differentiation regulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of cellular process regulation of lymphocyte differentiation hemopoiesis positive regulation of cell adhesion regulation of cell adhesion regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation cell activation regulation of T cell activation immune system process regulatory T cell differentiation regulation of hemopoiesis positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation regulation of lymphocyte activation regulation of adaptive immune response immune response regulation of immune response adaptive immune response negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade ERK1 and ERK2 cascade regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade protein dephosphorylation dephosphorylation peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity negative regulation of locomotion regulation of cell motility tissue migration negative regulation of epithelial cell migration ameboidal-type cell migration regulation of cell migration cell migration epithelial cell migration cell motility regulation of epithelial cell migration locomotion negative regulation of cell migration epithelium migration regulation of locomotion negative regulation of cell motility regulation of immune effector process response to biotic stimulus regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response respiratory burst involved in defense response response to other organism regulation of innate immune response negative regulation of immune response negative regulation of immune effector process response to external stimulus regulation of inflammatory response immune effector process defense response to other organism negative regulation of response to external stimulus respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response negative regulation of defense response negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response inflammatory response regulation of defense response regulation of response to biotic stimulus biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms regulation of response to external stimulus negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus negative regulation of inflammatory response negative regulation of respiratory burst regulation of response to stress innate immune response response to external biotic stimulus regulation of respiratory burst production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response defense response defense response to symbiont respiratory burst negative regulation of immune system process negative regulation of innate immune response negative regulation of cell population proliferation cell population proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of epithelial cell proliferation epithelial cell proliferation negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation response to organic substance response to lipid response to oxygen-containing compound response to lipopolysaccharide response to chemical response to bacterium response to molecule of bacterial origin	intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cellular anatomical entity cytosol membrane-bounded organelle nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle nucleoplasm organelle lumen organelle nuclear lumen

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A	IPR003527	Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, conserved site	Conserved Site
A	IPR000719	Protein kinase domain	Domain
A	IPR017441	Protein kinase, ATP binding site	Binding Site
A	IPR038784	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Family
A	IPR011009	Protein kinase-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR008352	Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p38-like	Family
B	IPR001763	Rhodanese-like domain	Domain
B	IPR000340	Dual specificity phosphatase, catalytic domain	Domain
B	IPR016130	Protein-tyrosine phosphatase, active site	Active Site
B	IPR029021	Protein-tyrosine phosphatase-like	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR036873	Rhodanese-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR008343	Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase	Family
B	IPR000387	Tyrosine-specific protein phosphatases domain	Domain
B	IPR020422	Dual specificity protein phosphatase domain	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
B	Pharos: Q9Y6W6	Inflammation acute myeloid leukemia diabetes mellitus IgA glomerulonephritis malignant mesothelioma oligodendroglioma psoriasis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ductal breast carcinoma in situ MALT lymphoma ovarian cancer tuberculosis Crohn disease gastric carcinoma invasive ductal breast carcinoma Inflammation acute myeloid leukemia diabetes mellitus IgA glomerulonephritis malignant mesothelioma oligodendroglioma psoriasis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ductal breast carcinoma in situ MALT lymphoma ovarian cancer tuberculosis Crohn disease gastric carcinoma invasive ductal breast carcinoma medulloblastoma pituitary cancer ulcerative colitis

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the National Science Foundation (DBI-1832184), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM133198.