2KQP

NMR Structure of Proinsulin

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database (version 4.2.0) Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology
A	1.10.100.10	Mainly Alpha	Orthogonal Bundle	Insulin-like, subunit E	Insulin-like

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Identifier	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF00049	Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family (Insulin)	Insulin/IGF/Relaxin family	Superfamily includes insulins; relaxins; insulin-like growth factor; and bombyxin. All are secreted regulatory hormones. Disulfide rich, all-alpha fold. Alignment includes B chain, linker (which is processed out of the final product), and A chain.	Domain

Gene Product Annotation Gene Product Annotation

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	Insulin	signaling receptor binding hormone activity binding protein binding receptor regulator activity signaling receptor activator activity receptor ligand activity molecular function regulator identical protein binding insulin receptor binding protein-containing complex binding insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	homeostatic process chemical homeostasis lipid homeostasis fatty acid homeostasis biological regulation regulation of biological quality carbohydrate homeostasis glucose homeostasis regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity negative regulation of catalytic activity negative regulation of molecular function regulation of catalytic activity regulation of oxidoreductase activity negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity regulation of molecular function metabolic process biosynthetic process regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of metabolic process cellular process regulation of metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of cellular metabolic process cellular metabolic process negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of cellular process regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process reactive oxygen species metabolic process reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process cellular component organization cell projection organization cellular component organization or biogenesis neuron projection organization plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization neuron projection maintenance cell differentiation developmental process fat cell differentiation regulation of cell differentiation positive regulation of cell differentiation regulation of fat cell differentiation positive regulation of fat cell differentiation positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of cellular process cellular developmental process regulation of developmental process brown fat cell differentiation positive regulation of developmental process regulation of brown fat cell differentiation positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation cell population proliferation positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of cell projection organization positive regulation of cell projection organization cell junction organization cellular component maintenance regulation of synapse structure or activity regulation of synapse organization synapse organization regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization dendritic spine organization dendritic spine maintenance postsynapse organization regulation of postsynapse organization regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization regulation of dendritic spine maintenance positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance positive regulation of metabolic process gene expression regulation of gene expression positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of gene expression macromolecule metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process organic substance metabolic process regulation of monooxygenase activity positive regulation of monooxygenase activity positive regulation of catalytic activity positive regulation of molecular function regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity respiratory burst regulation of respiratory burst positive regulation of respiratory burst	intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum lumen endomembrane system membrane-enclosed lumen organelle membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle organelle lumen intracellular organelle lumen cellular anatomical entity endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane organelle membrane endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane bounding membrane of organelle endosome cytoplasmic vesicle endosome lumen vesicle intracellular vesicle extracellular region extracellular space Golgi apparatus Golgi lumen secretory granule vesicle lumen secretory granule lumen cytoplasmic vesicle lumen secretory vesicle transport vesicle

RCSB PDB is funded by the National Science Foundation (DBI-1832184), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM133198.