1ERW

HUMAN THIOREDOXIN DOUBLE MUTANT WITH CYS 32 REPLACED BY SER AND CYS 35 REPLACED BY SER


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.80 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.260 
  • R-Value Work: 0.210 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.210 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.4 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Crystal structures of reduced, oxidized, and mutated human thioredoxins: evidence for a regulatory homodimer.

Weichsel, A.Gasdaska, J.R.Powis, G.Montfort, W.R.

(1996) Structure 4: 735-751

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-2126(96)00079-2
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1ERT, 1ERU, 1ERV, 1ERW

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Human thioredoxin reduces the disulfide bonds of numerous proteins in vitro, and can activate transcription factors such as NFkB in vivo. Thioredoxin can also act as a growth factor, and is overexpressed and secreted in certain tumor cells. Crystal structures were determined for reduced and oxidized wild type human thioredoxin (at 1.7 and 2.1 A nominal resolution, respectively), and for reduced mutant proteins Cys73-->Ser and Cys32-->Ser/Cys35-->Ser (at 1.65 and 1.8 A, respectively). Surprisingly, thioredoxin is dimeric in all four structures; the dimer is linked through a disulfide bond between Cys73 of each monomer, except in Cys73-->Ser where a hydrogen bond occurs. The thioredoxin active site is blocked by dimer formation. Conformational changes in the active site and dimer interface accompany oxidation of the active-site cysteines, Cys32 and Cys35. It has been suggested that a reduced pKa in the first cysteine (Cys32 in human thioredoxin) of the active-site sequence is important for modulation of the redox potential in thioredoxin. A hydrogen bond between the sulfhydryls of Cys32 and Cys35 may reduce the pKa of Cys32 and this pKa depression probably results in increased nucleophilicity of the Cys32 thiolate group. This nucleophilicity, in tum, is thought to be necessary for the role of thioredoxin in disulfide-bond reduction. The physiological role, if any, of thioredoxin dimer formation remains unknown. It is possible that dimerization may provide a mechanism for regulation of the protein, or a means of sensing oxidative stress.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.


Macromolecules
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Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
THIOREDOXIN105Homo sapiensMutation(s): 2 
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P10599 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P10599 
Go to UniProtKB:  P10599
PHAROS:  P10599
GTEx:  ENSG00000136810 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP10599
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.80 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.260 
  • R-Value Work: 0.210 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.210 
  • Space Group: C 1 2 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 67.77α = 90
b = 26.38β = 95.08
c = 51.64γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
MADNESdata collection
PROCORdata collection
FBSCALEdata collection
X-PLORmodel building
X-PLORrefinement
MADNESdata reduction
PROCORdata reduction
FBSCALEdata reduction
X-PLORphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 1996-10-14
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-03-24
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2018-04-18
    Changes: Data collection, Other
  • Version 1.4: 2021-11-03
    Changes: Database references