1BWC

STRUCTURE OF HUMAN GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE COMPLEXED with AJOENE INHIBITOR AND SUBVERSIVE SUBSTRATE


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.10 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.230 
  • R-Value Work: 0.180 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.180 

Starting Model: experimental
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This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Ajoene is an inhibitor and subversive substrate of human glutathione reductase and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase: crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic studies.

Gallwitz, H.Bonse, S.Martinez-Cruz, A.Schlichting, I.Schumacher, K.Krauth-Siegel, R.L.

(1999) J Med Chem 42: 364-372

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jm980471k
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1BWC

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Ajoene ((E,Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide), a garlic-derived natural compound, is a covalent inhibitor as well as a substrate of human glutathione reductase (GR) and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase (TR). The 2.1-A resolution crystal structure of GR inhibited by (E)-ajoene revealed a mixed disulfide between the active site Cys58 and the CH2=CH-CH2-SO-CH2-CH=CH-S moiety of ajoene. The modified enzyme has a markedly increased oxidase activity when compared to free GR. GR reduces (Z)-ajoene with a kcat/Km of 6.8 x 10(3) M-1 s-1 yielding 4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1, 6,11-triene (deoxyajoene) and 4,8,9,13-tetrathiahexadeca-1,6,10, 15-tetraene as stable reaction products. The reaction leads also to the formation of single-electron reduced products and concomitantly superoxide anion radicals as shown by coupling the reaction to the reduction of cytochrome c. The interactions between the flavoenzymes and ajoene are expected to increase the oxidative stress of the respective cell. The antiparasitic and cytostatic actions of ajoene may at least in part be due to the multiple effects on key enzymes of the antioxidant thiol metabolism.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Biochemie-Zentrum, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
PROTEIN (GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE)478Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: GOR
EC: 1.6.4.2
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P00390 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P00390 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00390
PHAROS:  P00390
GTEx:  ENSG00000104687 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00390
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.10 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.230 
  • R-Value Work: 0.180 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.180 
  • Space Group: C 2 2 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 64.3α = 90
b = 146.9β = 90
c = 128.8γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
XDSdata scaling
AMoREphasing
X-PLORrefinement
XDSdata reduction

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 1999-07-20
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-26
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Derived calculations, Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2023-08-09
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description