Basic phospholipase A2 homolog MjTX-I

UniProtKB accession:  P82114

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UniProtKB description:  Snake venom phospholipase A2 homolog that lacks enzymatic activity (PubMed:28265084). In vivo, it displays local myotoxin and edema-inducing activities and is lethal by intraperitoneal injection (PubMed:10620318, PubMed:33865953). The myotoxicity effect is weaker in comparison to other myotoxins, probably due to the formation of high molecular weight complexes and to the oligomeric conformation (conventional dimer) (PubMed:10620318, PubMed:23573271). It shows specificity toward neurons and myotubes, but not on a variety of other cell types (PubMed:28265084, PubMed:10620318). This PLA2 excites a cohort of sensory neurons via ATP release and consequent activation of P2RX2 and/or P2RX3 purinergic receptors (PubMed:28265084). Pannexin hemichannels act as downstream mediators of toxin-evoked ATP release (PubMed:28265084). In vivo, it elicits nonneurogenic inflammatory pain, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia, of which the latter is completely dependent on purinergic signaling (PubMed:28265084).