Bifunctional glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase/adenylyl-removing enzyme

UniProtKB accession:  P30870

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UniProtKB description:  Involved in the regulation of glutamine synthetase GlnA, a key enzyme in the process to assimilate ammonia (PubMed:8412694). When cellular nitrogen levels are high, the C-terminal adenylyl transferase inactivates GlnA by covalent transfer of an adenylyl group from ATP to 'Tyr-398' of GlnA, thus reducing its activity (PubMed:4920894, PubMed:9312015). Conversely, when nitrogen levels are low, the N-terminal adenylyl removase (AR) activates GlnA by removing the adenylyl group by phosphorolysis, increasing its activity (PubMed:4893578, PubMed:4920873, PubMed:4934180, PubMed:9312015, PubMed:14766310). The regulatory region of GlnE binds the signal transduction protein PII (GlnB) which indicates the nitrogen status of the cell (PubMed:8412694).