Streptopain

UniProtKB accession:  P0C0J1

Grouped By:  Matching UniProtKB accession

UniProtKB description:  Cysteine protease that acts as a key streptococcal virulence factor by cleaving host proteins involved in immune response (PubMed:7516997, PubMed:10456871, PubMed:11406581, PubMed:11598100, PubMed:12438337, PubMed:12621045, PubMed:24331465, PubMed:23532847, PubMed:19237546, PubMed:35008838, PubMed:35110732, PubMed:35545676). Triggers inflammation by mediating cleavage of host proteins, which can both promote host pathogenesis by triggering sterile inflammation and/or restrict streptococcal infection, depending on host immune statue and infection site (PubMed:35110732, PubMed:35545676, PubMed:35008838). Cleaves host gasdermin-A (GSDMA) in epithelial cells, promoting GSDMA activation and formation of gasdermin pores, triggering pyroptosis (PubMed:35110732, PubMed:35545676). Pyroptosis triggers the elimination of the infected skin cell, depriving the pathogen of its protective niche, while inducing an inflammatory response (PubMed:35110732, PubMed:35545676). This ultimately prevents bacterial penetration of the epithelial barrier and a subsequent systemic dissemination of the pathogen (PubMed:35110732, PubMed:35545676). Also mediates cleavage of the cytokine precursor interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) to its mature form, resulting in inflammation and septic shock (PubMed:28331908, PubMed:32719155). SpeB-mediated maturation of IL1B plays a dual role depending on infection site: while IL1B inflammatory response prevents bacterial growth during invasive skin infections, it promotes streptococcal infection of the nasopharynx by disrupting colonization resistance mediated by the microbiota (PubMed:28331908, PubMed:32719155). Inhibits host autophagy be catalyzing cleavage and inactivation of key autophagy factors, such as CALCOCO2, NBR1 and SQSTM1 (PubMed:24331465). Cleaves and inhibits a number of complement factors, such as C2, C3-beta chain of C3, C4, C5 or SERPING1, thereby promoting evasion of host immunity (PubMed:18160402, PubMed:23532847, PubMed:35008838). May also impair adaptive immunity by catalyzing cleavage and degradation of host immunoglobulins to promote immune system evasion; the relevance of this activity is however unsure in vivo (PubMed:11406581, PubMed:11598100, PubMed:12438337, PubMed:12496168, PubMed:23569114, PubMed:35008838). Catalyzes maturation and release of the peptide hormone bradykinin from the precursor Kininogen-1 (KNG1) to produce hypotension during septic shock (PubMed:8760820). Also involved in bacterial translocation across the host epithelial barrier by mediating cleavage and degradation of host epithelial junction proteins, such as CDH1 and OCLN (PubMed:23532847). Additionally, has been involved in degradation of fibronectin and vitronectin, two host extracellular matrix proteins involved in tissue integrity (PubMed:7516997). Also able to catalyze cleavage and degradation of streptococcal proteins, such as C5a peptidase, EndoS or SmeZ (PubMed:7730368, PubMed:16980693, PubMed:18182097, PubMed:24799625). Degradation of streptococcal proteins is however strictly regulated to preserve integrity of other virulence factors (PubMed:24799625).