Download MendeleyOne ring closer to a closure: the crystal structure of the ES 3 hydroxymethylbilane synthase intermediate.
Bustad, H.J., Christie, M.S., Laitaoja, M., Aarsand, A.K., Martinez, A., Janis, J., Kallio, J.P.(2024) FEBS J 291: 510-526
- PubMed: 37863644
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16982
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:
8PND - PubMed Abstract:
Hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), involved in haem biosynthesis, catalyses the head-to-tail coupling of four porphobilinogens (PBGs) via a dipyrromethane (DPM) cofactor. DPM is composed of two PBGs, and a hexapyrrole is built before the tetrapyrrolic 1-hydroxymethylbilane product is released. During this elongation, stable enzyme (E) intermediates are formed from the holoenzyme, with additional PBG substrates (S): ES, ES 2 , ES 3 and ES 4 . Native PAGE and mass spectrometry of the acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)-associated HMBS variant p.Arg167Gln demonstrated an increased amount of ES 3 . Kinetic parameters indicated catalytic dysfunction, however, the product release was not entirely prevented. Isolation and crystal structure analysis of the ES 3 intermediate (PDB: 8PND) showed that a pentapyrrole was fully retained within the active site, revealing that polypyrrole elongation proceeds within the active site via a third interaction site, intermediate pyrrole site 3 (IPS3). The AIP-associated HMBS variant p.Arg195Cys, located on the opposite side to p.Arg167Gln in the active site, accumulated the ES 4 intermediate in the presence of excess PBG, implying that product hydrolysis was obstructed. Arg167 is thus involved in all elongation steps and is a determinant for the rate of enzyme catalysis, whereas Arg195 is important for releasing the product. Moreover, by substituting residues in the vicinity of IPS3, our results indicate that a fully retained hexapyrrole could be hydrolysed in a novel site in proximity of the IPS3.
Organizational Affiliation:
Norwegian Porphyria Centre (NAPOS), Department for Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
