Download MendeleyTenofovir-Amino Acid Conjugates Act as Polymerase Substrates-Implications for Avoiding Cellular Phosphorylation in the Discovery of Nucleotide Analogues.
Gu, W., Martinez, S., Nguyen, H., Xu, H., Herdewijn, P., De Jonghe, S., Das, K.(2021) J Med Chem 64: 782-796
- PubMed: 33356231
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01747
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:
7AHX, 7AID, 7AIF, 7AIG, 7AII, 7AIJ - PubMed Abstract:
Nucleotide analogues are used for treating viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. To become polymerase substrates, a nucleotide analogue must be phosphorylated by cellular kinases which is rate-limiting. The goal of this study is to develop dNTP/NTP analogues directly from nucleotides. Tenofovir (TFV) analogues were synthesized by conjugating with amino acids. We demonstrate that some conjugates act as dNTP analogues and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) catalytically incorporates the TFV part as the chain terminator. X-ray structures in complex with HIV-1 RT/dsDNA showed binding of the conjugates at the polymerase active site, however, in different modes in the presence of Mg 2+ versus Mn 2+ ions. The adaptability of the compounds is seemingly essential for catalytic incorporation of TFV by RT. 4d with a carboxyl sidechain demonstrated the highest incorporation. 4e showed weak incorporation and rather behaved as a dNTP-competitive inhibitor. This result advocates the feasibility of designing NTP/dNTP analogues by chemical substitutions to nucleotide analogues.
Organizational Affiliation:
KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
