Crystal structure of TcACHE complexed to 1-(6-oxo-1,2,3,4,6,10b-hexahydropyrido[2,1-a]isoindol-10-yl)-3-(4-(1-(2-((1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-yl)amino)ethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)urea
Both cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) and kinases, such as GSK-3α/β, are associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Two scaffolds, targeting AChE (tacrine) and GSK-3α/β (valmerin) simultaneously, were assembled, using copper(I)-catalysed az ...
Both cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) and kinases, such as GSK-3α/β, are associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Two scaffolds, targeting AChE (tacrine) and GSK-3α/β (valmerin) simultaneously, were assembled, using copper(I)-catalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), to generate a new series of multifunctional ligands. A series of eight multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) was synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in cell cultures. Molecular docking studies, together with the crystal structures of three MTDL/TcAChE complexes, with three tacrine-valmerin hybrids allowed designing an appropriate linker containing a 1,2,3-triazole moiety whose incorporation preserved, and even increased, the original inhibitory potencies of the two selected pharmacophores toward the two targets. Most of the new derivatives exhibited nanomolar affinity for both targets, and the most potent compound of the series displayed inhibitory potencies of 9.5 nM for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and 7 nM for GSK-3α/β. These novel dual MTDLs may serve as suitable leads for further development, since, in the micromolar range, they exhibited low cytotoxicity on a panel of representative human cell lines including the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Moreover, these tacrine-valmerin hybrids displayed a good ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) without interacting with efflux pumps such as P-gp.
Organizational Affiliation:
Sorbonne Université, CNRS USR 3151, Protein Phosphorylation & Human Diseases, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff Cedex, F-29688, France.,Istituto Tumori IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, via le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France. Electronic address: pierre-yves.renard@univ-rouen.fr.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France. Electronic address: ludovic.jean@univ-rouen.fr.,Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.,Plateforme ImPACcell-SFR BIOSIT UMS-CNRS3480 UMS-INSERM018, Université de Rennes1, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) (UMR 5075), F-38054, Grenoble, France.,Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 6100, Rehovot, Israel.,Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) (UMR 5075), F-38054, Grenoble, France; Institut Laue Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs - CS 20156, 38042, Grenoble cedex 9, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France.,Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
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