4XUH

PPARgamma ligand binding domain in complex with sulindac sulfide


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.22 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.230 
  • R-Value Work: 0.186 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.189 

Starting Model: experimental
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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 1.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma regulation by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Puhl, A.C.Milton, F.A.Cvoro, A.Sieglaff, D.H.Campos, J.C.Bernardes, A.Filgueira, C.S.Lindemann, J.L.Deng, T.Neves, F.A.Polikarpov, I.Webb, P.

(2015) Nucl Recept Signal 13: e004-e004

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1621/nrs.13004
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4XTA, 4XUH, 4XUM

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties by inhibiting cyclooxygenases and blocking prostaglandin production. Previous studies, however, suggested that some NSAIDs also modulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), raising the possibility that such off target effects contribute to the spectrum of clinically relevant NSAID actions. In this study, we set out to understand how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ/PPARG) interacts with NSAIDs using X-ray crystallography and to relate ligand binding modes to effects on receptor activity. We find that several NSAIDs (sulindac sulfide, diclofenac, indomethacin and ibuprofen) bind PPARγ and modulate PPARγ activity at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Diclofenac acts as a partial agonist and binds to the PPARγ ligand binding pocket (LBP) in typical partial agonist mode, near the β-sheets and helix 3. By contrast, two copies of indomethacin and sulindac sulfide bind the LBP and, in aggregate, these ligands engage in LBP contacts that resemble agonists. Accordingly, both compounds, and ibuprofen, act as strong partial agonists. Assessment of NSAID activities in PPARγ-dependent 3T3-L1 cells reveals that NSAIDs display adipogenic activities and exclusively regulate PPARγ-dependent target genes in a manner that is consistent with their observed binding modes. Further, PPARγ knockdown eliminates indomethacin activities at selected endogenous genes, confirming receptor-dependence of observed effects. We propose that it is important to consider how individual NSAIDs interact with PPARγ to understand their activities, and that it will be interesting to determine whether high dose NSAID therapies result in PPAR activation.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil (ACP, JCLC, AB, IP).


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
A, B
278Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: PPARGNR1C3
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P37231 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P37231 
Go to UniProtKB:  P37231
PHAROS:  P37231
GTEx:  ENSG00000132170 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP37231
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.22 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.230 
  • R-Value Work: 0.186 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.189 
  • Space Group: C 1 2 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 91.77α = 90
b = 63.63β = 102.38
c = 119.65γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
PHENIXrefinement
PHASERphasing
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
SCALAdata scaling
XDSdata reduction

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2016-07-27
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2023-09-27
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description