4UNM

Structure of Galactose Oxidase homologue from Streptomyces lividans

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.77 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.228 
  • R-Value Work: 0.188 

wwPDB Validation 3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.1 of the entry. See complete history. 

Literature

Glxa is a New Structural Member of the Radical Copper Oxidase Family and is Required for Glycan Deposition at Hyphal Tips and Morphogenesis of Streptomyces Lividans.

Chaplin, A.K., Petrus, M.L., Mangiameli, G., Hough, M.A., Svistunenko, D.A., Nicholls, P., Claessen, D., Vijgenboom, E., Worrall, J.A.

(2015) Biochem.J. 469: 433

  • DOI: 10.1042/BJ20150190

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Streptomyces lividans displays a distinct dependence on copper to fully initiate morphological development. Evidence has accumulated to implicate the participation of an extracytoplasmic cuproenzyme in morphogenesis. In the present study, we show tha ...

    Streptomyces lividans displays a distinct dependence on copper to fully initiate morphological development. Evidence has accumulated to implicate the participation of an extracytoplasmic cuproenzyme in morphogenesis. In the present study, we show that GlxA fulfils all criteria to be that cuproenzyme. GlxA is membrane associated and has an active site consisting of a mononuclear copper and a cross-linked Y-C cofactor. The domain organization of the tertiary structure defines GlxA as a new structural member of the mono-copper oxidase family, with copper co-ordination geometry similar to, but spectroscopically distinct from fungal galactose oxidase (Gox). EPR spectroscopy reveals that the oxidation of cupric GlxA generates a protein radical residing on the Y-C cross-link. A variety of canonical Gox substrates (including D-galactose) were tested but none were readily turned over by GlxA. A glxA null-mutant leads to loss of glycan accumulation at hyphal tips and consequently a drastically changed morphology both on solid substrates and in liquid-grown environments, a scenario similarly observed in the absence of the neighbouring glycan synthase CslA (cellulase synthase-like protein). In addition the glxA mutant has lost the stimulation of development by copper, supporting a model whereby the enzymatic action of GlxA on the glycan is required for development and morphology. From a biotechnology perspective, the open mycelium morphology observed with the glxA mutant in submerged culture has implications for use as an enzyme production host.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    School of Biological Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, U.K.




Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by: Sequence  |  Structure

Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetails
SECRETED PROTEIN
A, B
615Streptomyces lividans TK24Mutation(s): 0 
Find proteins for D6EWM0 (Streptomyces lividans TK24)
Go to UniProtKB:  D6EWM0
Small Molecules
Ligands 2 Unique
IDChainsName / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
ACT
Query on ACT
Download SDF File 
Download CCD File 
A, B
ACETATE ION
C2 H3 O2
QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M
 Ligand Interaction
CU
Query on CU
Download SDF File 
Download CCD File 
A, B
COPPER (II) ION
Cu
JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
 Ligand Interaction
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.77 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.228 
  • R-Value Work: 0.188 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length (Å)Angle (°)
a = 50.360α = 90.00
b = 126.630β = 91.10
c = 107.550γ = 90.00
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
Aimlessdata scaling
MOLREPphasing
MOSFLMdata reduction
REFMACrefinement

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History 

  • Version 1.0: 2015-06-10
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2015-08-05
    Type: Database references