3GDP

Hydroxynitrile lyase from almond, monoclinic crystal form


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.57 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.210 
  • R-Value Work: 0.186 

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 2.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Substrate binding in the FAD-dependent hydroxynitrile lyase from almond provides insight into the mechanism of cyanohydrin formation and explains the absence of dehydrogenation activity.

Dreveny, I.Andryushkova, A.S.Glieder, A.Gruber, K.Kratky, C.

(2009) Biochemistry 48: 3370-3377

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi802162s
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    3GDN, 3GDP

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    In a large number of plant species hydroxynitrile lyases catalyze the decomposition of cyanohydrins in order to generate hydrogen cyanide upon tissue damage. Hydrogen cyanide serves as a deterrent against herbivores and fungi. In vitro hydroxynitrile lyases are proficient biocatalysts for the stereospecific synthesis of cyanohydrins. Curiously, hydroxynitrile lyases from different species are completely unrelated in structure and substrate specificity despite catalyzing the same reaction. The hydroxynitrile lyase from almond shows close resemblance to flavoproteins of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family. We report here 3D structural data of this lyase with the reaction product benzaldehyde bound within the active site, which allow unambiguous assignment of the location of substrate binding. Based on the binding geometry, a reaction mechanism is proposed that involves one of the two conserved active site histidine residues acting as a general base abstracting the proton from the cyanohydrin hydroxyl group. Site-directed mutagenesis shows that both active site histidines are required for the reaction to occur. There is no evidence that the flavin cofactor directly participates in the reaction. Comparison with other hydroxynitrile lyases reveals a large diversity of active site architectures, which, however, share the common features of a general active site base and a nearby patch with positive electrostatic potential. On the basis of the difference in substrate binding geometry between the FAD-dependent HNL from almond and the related oxidases, we can rationalize why the HNL does not act as an oxidase.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria. ingrid.dreveny@nottingham.ac.uk


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
R-oxynitrile lyase isoenzyme 1
A, B
521Prunus dulcisMutation(s): 0 
EC: 4.1.2.10
UniProt
Find proteins for Q945K2 (Prunus dulcis)
Explore Q945K2 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q945K2
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ945K2
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Oligosaccharides

Help

Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-[beta-L-fucopyranose-(1-3)]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
C
5N-Glycosylation
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G38601ZL
GlyCosmos:  G38601ZL
GlyGen:  G38601ZL
Entity ID: 3
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
alpha-L-fucopyranose-(1-3)-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
D
3N-Glycosylation
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G11971MR
GlyCosmos:  G11971MR
GlyGen:  G11971MR
Entity ID: 4
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-[alpha-L-fucopyranose-(1-3)]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
E
5N-Glycosylation
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G17689EW
GlyCosmos:  G17689EW
GlyGen:  G17689EW
Entity ID: 5
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
F
4N-Glycosylation
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G22573RC
GlyCosmos:  G22573RC
GlyGen:  G22573RC
Small Molecules
Ligands 4 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
FAD
Query on FAD

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
H [auth A],
L [auth B]
FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE
C27 H33 N9 O15 P2
VWWQXMAJTJZDQX-UYBVJOGSSA-N
NDG
Query on NDG

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
M [auth B]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose
C8 H15 N O6
OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-PVFLNQBWSA-N
NAG
Query on NAG

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
I [auth A],
J [auth A],
N [auth B]
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
C8 H15 N O6
OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N
IPA
Query on IPA

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
G [auth A],
K [auth B]
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
C3 H8 O
KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.57 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.210 
  • R-Value Work: 0.186 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 69.05α = 90
b = 93.71β = 106.39
c = 87.26γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
CNSrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
MAR345dtbdata collection
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
AMoREphasing

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2009-03-24
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Non-polymer description, Version format compliance
  • Version 2.0: 2020-07-29
    Type: Remediation
    Reason: Carbohydrate remediation
    Changes: Advisory, Atomic model, Data collection, Derived calculations, Structure summary
  • Version 2.1: 2023-09-06
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description, Structure summary