2XV3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurin with mutated metal-binding loop sequence (CAAAAHAAAAM), chemically reduced, pH5.3


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.30 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.266 
  • R-Value Work: 0.183 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.187 

Starting Model: experimental
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wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.6 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Metal-Binding Loop Length is a Determinant of the Pka of a Histidine Ligand at a Type 1 Copper Site

Li, C.Sato, K.Monari, S.Salard, I.Sola, M.Banfield, M.J.Dennison, C.

(2011) Inorg Chem 50: 482

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ic101413e
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    2XV0, 2XV2, 2XV3

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    The type 1 copper site of a cupredoxin involves coordination by cysteine, histidine, and methionine residues from a single loop. Dissociation and protonation of the histidine ligand on this loop is observed in only certain reduced cupredoxins and can regulate electron-transfer reactivity. This effect is introduced in azurin (AZ) (the wild-type protein has an estimated pKa of <2) by mutating the native copper-binding loop (C(112)TFPGH(117)SALM(121), ligands numbered). In this work, we have investigated the influence of loop length alone on histidine ligand protonation by determining the pKa value in AZ variants with ligand-containing polyalanine loops of different length. Crystal structures of the Cu(I)-variant with the loop sequence C(112)AAH(115)AAM(118) (AZ2A2A) demonstrate that at pH 4.2 His115 is protonated and no longer coordinated, and the imidazole ring is rotated by 180°. The influence of pH on the reduction potential allows a pKa of 5.2 ± 0.1 for His115 in Cu(I)-AZ2A2A to be determined. In the reduced AZ variants in which the loop sequences C(112)AAAAH(117)AAAM(121) (AZ4A3A) and C(112)AAAAH(117)AAAAM(122) (AZ4A4A) have been introduced, pKa values of 4.5 ± 0.1 and 4.4 ± 0.1, respectively, are obtained for the His117 ligand. Consistent with these data, the crystal structure of Cu(I)-AZ4A4A at pH 5.3 shows no sign of His117 protonation (crystals were unstable at lower pH values). The loop length range studied matches that which occurs naturally and these investigations indicate that length alone can alter the pKa of the coordinating histidine by approximately 1 pH unit. The pKa for this histidine ligand varies in native cupredoxins by >5 pH units. Other structural and electronic features, governed primarily by the second-coordination sphere, to which the ligand-binding loop is a major contributor, also alter this important feature. A longer ligand-containing loop made of residues whose side chains are larger and more complex than a methyl group increases the second coordination sphere providing additional scope for tuning the pKa of the histidine ligand and other active site properties.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
AZURIN
A, B
129Pseudomonas aeruginosaMutation(s): 6 
UniProt
Find proteins for P00282 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1))
Explore P00282 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00282
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00282
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.30 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.266 
  • R-Value Work: 0.183 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.187 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 34.43α = 90
b = 86.593β = 114.43
c = 41.704γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
iMOSFLMdata reduction
SCALAdata scaling

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2010-12-29
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-10-26
    Changes: Database references, Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2012-11-21
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.3: 2019-01-30
    Changes: Data collection, Experimental preparation, Other
  • Version 1.4: 2019-02-06
    Changes: Data collection, Experimental preparation
  • Version 1.5: 2023-12-20
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Other, Refinement description
  • Version 1.6: 2024-11-20
    Changes: Structure summary