1U5C

Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase complexed with 3,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid and NAD+

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.65 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.239 
  • R-Value Work: 0.154 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.158 

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This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history. 


Literature

Mapping the binding site for gossypol-like inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase.

Conners, R., Schambach, F., Read, J., Cameron, A., Sessions, R.B., Vivas, L., Easton, A., Croft, S.L., Brady, R.L.

(2005) Mol Biochem Parasitol 142: 137-148

  • DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.03.015
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1U4O, 1U4S, 1U5A, 1U5C, 1XIV

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Gossypol is a di-sesquiterpene natural-product in the form of a functionalised binaphthyl and is isolated from cotton plants. The compound has long been known to exhibit anti-malarial and other biological activities. Previous studies have indicated that compounds of this type target Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (pfLDH), an essential enzyme for energy generation within the parasite ...

    Gossypol is a di-sesquiterpene natural-product in the form of a functionalised binaphthyl and is isolated from cotton plants. The compound has long been known to exhibit anti-malarial and other biological activities. Previous studies have indicated that compounds of this type target Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (pfLDH), an essential enzyme for energy generation within the parasite. In this study, we report that simple naphthalene-based compounds, the core of the gossypol structure, exhibit weak inhibition of the parasite lactate dehydrogenase. Crystal structures of the complexes formed by binding of these naphthalene-based compounds to their target enzyme have been used to delineate the molecular features likely to form the gossypol binding site. Two modes of binding are observed: one overlapping the pyruvate but not the co-factor site, the other bridging the binding sites for the co-factor nicontinamide group and pyruvate substrate. This latter site encompasses molecular features unique to Plasmodium forms of LDH and is likely to represent the mode of binding for gossypol derivatives that show selectivity for the parasite enzymes. We also report a substrate analogue that unexpectedly binds within the adenine pocket of the co-factor groove. Although these core pharmacophore-like molecules only exhibit low levels of inhibitory activity, these molecular snapshots provide a rational basis for renewed structure-based development of naphthalene-based compounds as anti-malarial agents.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.



Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by: 
(by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
L-lactate dehydrogenaseA321Plasmodium falciparumMutation(s): 0 
EC: 1.1.1.27
UniProt
Find proteins for Q27743 (Plasmodium falciparum (isolate CDC / Honduras))
Explore Q27743 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q27743
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ27743
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 2 Unique
IDChainsName / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
NAD
Query on NAD
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
B [auth A]NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE
C21 H27 N7 O14 P2
BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
BIK
Query on BIK
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth A]3,7-DIHYDROXY-2-NAPHTHOIC ACID
C11 H8 O4
QMWOUSYSNFCKAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.65 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.239 
  • R-Value Work: 0.154 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.158 
  • Space Group: I 2 2 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 80.225α = 90
b = 86.017β = 90
c = 91.07γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
AMoREphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2005-06-21
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-30
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Derived calculations, Version format compliance