This entry represents the second binding domain (HcC) of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Weissella oryzae (BoNT/Wo). This domain has a beta-trefoil fold, which is a characteristic feature of the C-terminal binding domains of botulinum neur ...
This entry represents the second binding domain (HcC) of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Weissella oryzae (BoNT/Wo). This domain has a beta-trefoil fold, which is a characteristic feature of the C-terminal binding domains of botulinum neurotoxins. The beta-trefoil fold consists of three similar beta-hairpin-loop-beta structural units arranged around a pseudo-threefold axis, forming a barrel-like structure with a triangular hydrophobic core. In canonical botulinum neurotoxins, this domain is responsible for recognizing and binding to specific receptors on the target cell surface, such as gangliosides and synaptic vesicle proteins. However, BoNT/Wo lacks the typical receptor binding sites found in other botulinum neurotoxins, including the conserved SxWY ganglioside binding motif and the beta-hairpin motifs that bind to synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2). Instead, BoNT/Wo has surface regions with strong electrostatic potential that could be involved in binding to yet unidentified receptors. The natural targets of BoNT/Wo are currently unknown, though it has been suggested that it might target insects or worms rather than mammals, given that the bacterium was isolated from fermented rice grains.
This entry represents the first binding domain (HcN) of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Weissella oryzae (BoNT/Wo). This domain has a concanavalin A-like fold, which is a common structural feature in the binding domains of botulinum neurot ...
This entry represents the first binding domain (HcN) of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Weissella oryzae (BoNT/Wo). This domain has a concanavalin A-like fold, which is a common structural feature in the binding domains of botulinum neurotoxins. In canonical botulinum neurotoxins, this domain works in conjunction with the C-terminal domain (HcC) to mediate binding to the target cell receptors. BoNT/Wo differs from other botulinum neurotoxins in that it lacks the conserved receptor binding sites typically found in these toxins. The natural targets and receptors of BoNT/Wo remain to be identified, though it has been suggested that BoNT/Wo might target insects or worms rather than mammals. The protein was isolated from Weissella oryzae, a gram-positive bacterium found in fermented rice grains.
This entry represents the peptidase domain of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Weissella oryzae (BoNT/Wo). This domain is responsible for the zinc-dependent proteolytic activity of the toxin, specifically cleaving the VAMP2 protein between ...
This entry represents the peptidase domain of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Weissella oryzae (BoNT/Wo). This domain is responsible for the zinc-dependent proteolytic activity of the toxin, specifically cleaving the VAMP2 protein between Trp89 and Trp90. The domain contains the conserved HExxH zinc-binding motif characteristic of the M27 metalloproteases family, but features a wider, more open and negatively charged catalytic pocket compared to other botulinum neurotoxins. It also contains a unique beta-hairpin motif (residues 31-60) and an unusually interrupted alpha-helix (residues 309-350) with an extended loop. The crystal structure revealed an additional calcium ion near the active site that may be involved in substrate binding.
This entry represents the translocation domain of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Weissella oryzae (BoNT/Wo). This domain is responsible for the translocation of the catalytic domain across the endosomal membrane into the cytosol of the ta ...
This entry represents the translocation domain of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Weissella oryzae (BoNT/Wo). This domain is responsible for the translocation of the catalytic domain across the endosomal membrane into the cytosol of the target cell. Unlike other botulinum neurotoxins, BoNT/Wo lacks the conserved PYxGxAL motif typically involved in toxin translocation. It also lacks the inter-chain disulfide bond that is critical for the translocation of the light chain in canonical botulinum neurotoxins. Instead, BoNT/Wo exhibits strong electrostatic interactions between the highly negatively charged translocation domain and the positively charged catalytic domain, which may provide an alternative mechanism for stabilization. The translocation domain of BoNT/Wo features a helix bundle that is unusually short (approximately 70 angstrom) compared to the translocation domains of other botulinum neurotoxins (approximately 105 angstrom). This domain is distantly related to Pfam:PF07952.
