Annotations: 6UE8

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A	d6ue8a2	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	C1 set domains (antibody constant domain-like)	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
A	d6ue8a1	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	automated matches	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
E [auth F]	d6ue8f2	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	C1 set domains (antibody constant domain-like)	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
E [auth F]	d6ue8f1	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	automated matches	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
F [auth G]	d6ue8g2	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	C1 set domains (antibody constant domain-like)	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
F [auth G]	d6ue8g1	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	automated matches	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
H	d6ue8h2	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	C1 set domains (antibody constant domain-like)	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
H	d6ue8h1	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	automated matches	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
I [auth K]	d6ue8k2	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	C1 set domains (antibody constant domain-like)	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
I [auth K]	d6ue8k1	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	automated matches	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
J [auth L]	d6ue8l2	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	C1 set domains (antibody constant domain-like)	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
J [auth L]	d6ue8l1	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	automated matches	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
B	d6ue8b2	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	C1 set domains (antibody constant domain-like)	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
B	d6ue8b1	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	automated matches	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
G [auth E]	d6ue8e2	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	C1 set domains (antibody constant domain-like)	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
G [auth E]	d6ue8e1	All beta proteins	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	Immunoglobulin	automated matches	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
C	SCOP2B Superfamily	Immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-like	8054529	3000071	SCOP2B (2021-05-27)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	PF00047	e6ue8A2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF00047	ECOD (1.6)
A	PF07654	e6ue8A1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF07654	ECOD (1.6)
E [auth F]	PF00047	e6ue8F1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF00047	ECOD (1.6)
E [auth F]	PF07654	e6ue8F2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF07654	ECOD (1.6)
F [auth G]	PF00047	e6ue8G2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF00047	ECOD (1.6)
F [auth G]	PF07654	e6ue8G1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF07654	ECOD (1.6)
H	PF00047	e6ue8H1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF00047	ECOD (1.6)
H	PF07654	e6ue8H2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF07654	ECOD (1.6)
I [auth K]	PF00047	e6ue8K2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF00047	ECOD (1.6)
I [auth K]	PF07654	e6ue8K1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF07654	ECOD (1.6)
J [auth L]	PF00047	e6ue8L2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF00047	ECOD (1.6)
J [auth L]	PF07654	e6ue8L1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF07654	ECOD (1.6)
B	PF00047	e6ue8B2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF00047	ECOD (1.6)
B	PF07654	e6ue8B1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF07654	ECOD (1.6)
G [auth E]	PF00047	e6ue8E2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF00047	ECOD (1.6)
G [auth E]	PF07654	e6ue8E1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF07654	ECOD (1.6)
C	PF07686	e6ue8C5	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: PF07686	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
A	2.60.40.10	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Immunoglobulins	CATH (utative)
E [auth F]	2.60.40.10	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Immunoglobulins	CATH (utative)
F [auth G]	2.60.40.10	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Immunoglobulins	CATH (utative)
H	2.60.40.10	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Immunoglobulins	CATH (utative)
I [auth K]	2.60.40.10	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Immunoglobulins	CATH (utative)
J [auth L]	2.60.40.10	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Immunoglobulins	CATH (utative)
B	2.60.40.10	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Immunoglobulins	CATH (utative)
G [auth E]	2.60.40.10	Mainly Beta	Sandwich	Immunoglobulin-like	Immunoglobulins	CATH (utative)

IMGT Antibody Annotation IMGT Database Homepage

Chain	Protein Name	Description	Organism Name	Gene Allele Name(s)	Domain Name(s)	Receptor Type	Receptor Description	Provenance Source
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	IGHA2	FUSION-TNFRSF1B-GAMMA-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IGHA201, IGHA203	C-DOMAIN CH2	IG	CH2-CH3	IMGT (202423-0)
C	Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	1C-LIKE	Homo sapiens (human)	PIGR	V-LIKE-DOMAIN V-LIKE	RPI	PIGR	IMGT (202423-0)
D	IGHA2	null	Homo sapiens (human)	-	-	IG	CH2-CH3	IMGT (202423-0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	PF07654	Immunoglobulin C1-set domain (C1-set)	Immunoglobulin C1-set domain	-	Domain
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	PF00047	Immunoglobulin domain (ig)	Immunoglobulin domain	Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are found in hundreds of proteins of different functions. Examples include antibodies, the giant muscle kinase titin and receptor tyrosine kinases. Immunoglobulin-like domains may be involved in protein-prot ...	Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are found in hundreds of proteins of different functions. Examples include antibodies, the giant muscle kinase titin and receptor tyrosine kinases. Immunoglobulin-like domains may be involved in protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions.	Domain
C	PF07686	Immunoglobulin V-set domain (V-set)	Immunoglobulin V-set domain	This domain is found in antibodies as well as neural protein P0 and CTL4 amongst others.	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 2	protein binding binding signaling receptor binding immunoglobulin receptor binding antigen binding	cellular response to stimulus immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling positive regulation of biological process cell communication positive regulation of response to stimulus immune response-activating signaling pathway immune response-regulating signaling pathway positive regulation of immune response regulation of immune system process signal transduction positive regulation of immune system process cellular response to stimulus immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling positive regulation of biological process cell communication positive regulation of response to stimulus immune response-activating signaling pathway immune response-regulating signaling pathway positive regulation of immune response regulation of immune system process signal transduction positive regulation of immune system process regulation of biological process cell surface receptor signaling pathway immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway immune response B cell receptor signaling pathway biological regulation regulation of response to stimulus immune system process regulation of immune response cellular process antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway activation of immune response adaptive immune response adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains lymphocyte mediated immunity humoral immune response complement activation humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin leukocyte mediated immunity complement activation, classical pathway immunoglobulin mediated immune response immune effector process B cell mediated immunity biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms response to other organism defense response antibacterial humoral response defense response to symbiont response to external stimulus antimicrobial humoral response response to biotic stimulus defense response to bacterium defense response to other organism response to stress response to bacterium response to external biotic stimulus multicellular organismal process renal system process system process glomerular filtration renal filtration positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of respiratory burst respiratory burst metabolic process regulation of respiratory burst regulation of metabolic process	protein-containing complex IgA immunoglobulin complex immunoglobulin complex IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex extracellular region extracellular space cellular anatomical entity polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex immunoglobulin complex, circulating extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle protein-containing complex IgA immunoglobulin complex immunoglobulin complex IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex extracellular region extracellular space cellular anatomical entity polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex immunoglobulin complex, circulating extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle organelle vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle cell periphery plasma membrane membrane dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex secretory dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex blood microparticle monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complex
C	Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	polymeric immunoglobulin binding protein-containing complex binding binding immunoglobulin binding molecular transducer activity immunoglobulin receptor activity transmembrane signaling receptor activity signaling receptor activity polymeric immunoglobulin receptor activity immune receptor activity	cellular response to stimulus immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process response to stimulus cell surface receptor signaling pathway signaling immune response biological regulation cell communication Fc receptor signaling pathway immune response-regulating signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus immune system process cellular response to stimulus immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process response to stimulus cell surface receptor signaling pathway signaling immune response biological regulation cell communication Fc receptor signaling pathway immune response-regulating signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus immune system process regulation of immune response cellular process regulation of immune system process signal transduction cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway ERBB signaling pathway epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway protein localization localization cellular localization receptor clustering cellular macromolecule localization macromolecule localization localization within membrane protein localization to membrane multicellular organismal process transport establishment of localization immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells vesicle-mediated transport immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor transcytosis mucosal immune response organ or tissue specific immune response system process nervous system process detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste detection of stimulus sensory perception of chemical stimulus sensory perception sensory perception of taste response to chemical detection of chemical stimulus sensory perception of bitter taste detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception	protein-containing complex receptor complex IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex extracellular region IgA immunoglobulin complex extracellular space cellular anatomical entity polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex immunoglobulin complex, circulating immunoglobulin complex extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle protein-containing complex receptor complex IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex extracellular region IgA immunoglobulin complex extracellular space cellular anatomical entity polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex immunoglobulin complex, circulating immunoglobulin complex extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle organelle vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure intracellular vesicle lytic vacuole endomembrane system intracellular organelle bounding membrane of organelle vesicle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle lysosome vacuolar membrane membrane azurophil granule vacuole intracellular membrane-bounded organelle lytic vacuole membrane cytoplasmic vesicle membrane lysosomal membrane secretory granule primary lysosome secretory vesicle azurophil granule membrane cytoplasm organelle membrane secretory granule membrane cell periphery plasma membrane
D	Immunoglobulin J chain	identical protein binding protein binding binding protein homodimerization activity protein dimerization activity protein-containing complex binding immunoglobulin binding IgA binding signaling receptor binding immunoglobulin receptor binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity antigen binding	cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis positive regulation of metabolic process regulation of biological process positive regulation of respiratory burst respiratory burst biological regulation positive regulation of biological process metabolic process cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis positive regulation of metabolic process regulation of biological process positive regulation of respiratory burst respiratory burst biological regulation positive regulation of biological process metabolic process regulation of respiratory burst regulation of metabolic process response to stimulus immune response immune system process adaptive immune response humoral immune response biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms response to other organism defense response antibacterial humoral response defense response to symbiont response to external stimulus antimicrobial humoral response response to biotic stimulus defense response to bacterium defense response to other organism response to stress response to bacterium response to external biotic stimulus innate immune response multicellular organismal process renal system process system process glomerular filtration renal filtration	extracellular region extracellular space cellular anatomical entity blood microparticle IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex protein-containing complex IgA immunoglobulin complex polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex immunoglobulin complex, circulating immunoglobulin complex secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular region extracellular space cellular anatomical entity blood microparticle IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex protein-containing complex IgA immunoglobulin complex polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex immunoglobulin complex, circulating immunoglobulin complex secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle organelle vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complex IgM immunoglobulin complex IgM immunoglobulin complex, circulating pentameric IgM immunoglobulin complex secretory dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	IPR036179	Immunoglobulin-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	IPR003597	Immunoglobulin C1-set	Domain
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	IPR003006	Immunoglobulin/major histocompatibility complex, conserved site	Conserved Site
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	IPR013151	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich domain	Domain
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	IPR013783	Immunoglobulin-like fold	Homologous Superfamily
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	IPR007110	Immunoglobulin-like domain	Domain
C	IPR036179	Immunoglobulin-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
C	IPR003599	Immunoglobulin subtype	Domain
C	IPR013783	Immunoglobulin-like fold	Homologous Superfamily
C	IPR013106	Immunoglobulin V-set domain	Domain
C	IPR007110	Immunoglobulin-like domain	Domain
D	IPR024110	Immunoglobulin J chain	Family

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], A, B, E [auth F], F [auth G], G [auth E], H, I [auth K], J [auth L]	Pharos: P01877	breast cancer
C	Pharos: P01833	B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia endometriosis invasive ductal breast carcinoma lung carcinoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma ovarian cancer pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia breast cancer head and neck cancer lung adenocarcinoma malignant colon neoplasm non-small cell lung carcinoma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma transitional cell carcinoma breast carcinoma B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia endometriosis invasive ductal breast carcinoma lung carcinoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma ovarian cancer pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia breast cancer head and neck cancer lung adenocarcinoma malignant colon neoplasm non-small cell lung carcinoma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma transitional cell carcinoma breast carcinoma IgA glomerulonephritis lung cancer malignant pancreatic neoplasm osteosarcoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm
D	Pharos: P01591	pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm psoriasis B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia cutaneous lupus erythematosus lung carcinoma malignant ependymoma malignant pancreatic neoplasm pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma periodontitis tuberculosis breast cancer chronic kidney disease lung adenocarcinoma lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm psoriasis B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia cutaneous lupus erythematosus lung carcinoma malignant ependymoma malignant pancreatic neoplasm pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma periodontitis tuberculosis breast cancer chronic kidney disease lung adenocarcinoma lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma malignant glioma MALT lymphoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma pituitary cancer ulcerative colitis breast carcinoma common variable immunodeficiency lung cancer malignant colon neoplasm malignant mesothelioma osteosarcoma

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM133198.