6DK5 | pdb_00006dk5

The X-ray crystal structure of human endothelin-1, a polypeptide hormone regulator of blood pressure

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A [auth B]	d6dk5b_	Peptides	Endothelin-like	Endothelin-like	Endothelin-like	Endothelin-1	(Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
B [auth A]	d6dk5a_	Peptides	Endothelin-like	Endothelin-like	Endothelin-like	Endothelin-1	(Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A [auth B], B [auth A]	PF00322	Endothelin family (Endothelin)	Endothelin family	-	Family

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A [auth B], B [auth A]	Endothelin-1	bombesin receptor binding protein binding binding signaling receptor binding endothelin A receptor binding G protein-coupled receptor binding neuropeptide receptor binding molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity cytokine activity signaling receptor regulator activity receptor ligand activity signaling receptor activator activity hormone activity bombesin receptor binding protein binding binding signaling receptor binding endothelin A receptor binding G protein-coupled receptor binding neuropeptide receptor binding molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity cytokine activity signaling receptor regulator activity receptor ligand activity signaling receptor activator activity hormone activity endothelin B receptor binding	developmental process multicellular organism development multicellular organismal process skeletal system development connective tissue development anatomical structure development animal organ development tissue development cartilage development system development regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process developmental process multicellular organism development multicellular organismal process skeletal system development connective tissue development anatomical structure development animal organ development tissue development cartilage development system development regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process biological regulation positive regulation of biological process reactive nitrogen species metabolic process nitric oxide metabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process nitric oxide biosynthetic process biosynthetic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process cellular process metabolic process regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of cellular process cellular response to stimulus response to human chorionic gonadotropin cellular response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus response to stimulus cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus response to endogenous stimulus response to gonadotropin cellular response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to chemical stimulus response to hormone response to chemical cellular response to hormone stimulus heart process system process regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process positive regulation of heart rate positive regulation of blood circulation positive regulation of heart contraction circulatory system process regulation of blood circulation positive regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of biological quality heart contraction blood circulation regulation of heart rate positive regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signal transduction signaling regulation of signal transduction intracellular signal transduction cell communication positive regulation of response to stimulus regulation of intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette regulation of calcium-mediated signaling positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling signal transduction regulation of signaling positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of response to stimulus calcium-mediated signaling regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signaling regulation of animal organ morphogenesis regulation of developmental process regulation of odontogenesis odontogenesis positive regulation of odontogenesis positive regulation of developmental process anatomical structure morphogenesis positive regulation of animal organ morphogenesis animal organ morphogenesis regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis cell surface receptor signaling pathway canonical Wnt signaling pathway Wnt signaling pathway response to ketone response to lipid response to oxygen-containing compound response to testosterone dorsal/ventral pattern formation pattern specification process regionalization respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system regulation of tube diameter regulation of tube size vascular process in circulatory system blood vessel diameter maintenance vasoconstriction regulation of anatomical structure size stem cell fate commitment cellular developmental process chordate embryonic development mesenchyme development embryo development neural crest formation embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching cell differentiation neural crest cell fate commitment neural crest cell differentiation epithelial to mesenchymal transition stem cell differentiation anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis mesenchymal cell differentiation cell fate commitment positive regulation of organelle organization regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization regulation of mitotic nuclear division positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division mitotic cell cycle cellular component organization regulation of mitotic cell cycle positive regulation of cell cycle process cellular component organization or biogenesis cell cycle regulation of cell cycle cell cycle process mitotic nuclear division regulation of cell cycle process organelle fission positive regulation of nuclear division regulation of organelle organization positive regulation of cell cycle organelle organization nuclear division mitotic cell cycle process regulation of nuclear division cellular response to metal ion response to metal ion cellular response to calcium ion response to calcium ion transport monoatomic ion transmembrane transport establishment of localization calcium ion transport metal ion transport monoatomic cation transmembrane transport transmembrane transport localization monoatomic ion transport monoatomic cation transport calcium ion transmembrane transport negative regulation of signaling negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of cell communication negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of phospholipase C/protein kinase C signal transduction negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of signal transduction phospholipase C/protein kinase C signal transduction branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube angiogenesis tube morphogenesis epithelial tube morphogenesis blood vessel development epithelium development blood vessel morphogenesis tube development morphogenesis of an epithelium vasculature development circulatory system development branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis tissue morphogenesis morphogenesis of a branching structure morphogenesis of a branching epithelium response to glucocorticoid response to corticosteroid response to steroid hormone response to dexamethasone response to salt regulation of macromolecule metabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of gene expression signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus response to follicle-stimulating hormone phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular response to toxic substance response to toxic substance muscle hypertrophy regulation of muscle adaptation positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy striated muscle hypertrophy regulation of muscle system process muscle system process regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy regulation of muscle hypertrophy muscle adaptation positive regulation of muscle hypertrophy cardiac muscle hypertrophy cell population proliferation regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation positive regulation of cell population proliferation smooth muscle cell proliferation positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation muscle cell proliferation rhythmic synaptic transmission trans-synaptic signaling modulation of chemical synaptic transmission cell-cell signaling chemical synaptic transmission synaptic signaling regulation of trans-synaptic signaling anterograde trans-synaptic signaling rhythmic excitation axon extension axonogenesis developmental growth cell projection organization plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis cell development neuron projection development cell growth cell morphogenesis neurogenesis cell projection morphogenesis neuron differentiation neuron projection morphogenesis neuron projection extension plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization developmental cell growth growth nervous system development axon development cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation developmental growth involved in morphogenesis generation of neurons neuron development cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus response to xenobiotic stimulus RNA metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process regulation of RNA metabolic process transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of metabolic process primary metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription negative regulation of RNA metabolic process response to prostaglandin response to prostaglandin F artery development pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis pharyngeal system development artery morphogenesis response to peptide cellular response to interleukin-1 response to cytokine cellular response to cytokine stimulus response to interleukin-1 noradrenergic neuron differentiation ear morphogenesis embryonic organ morphogenesis middle ear morphogenesis ear development sensory organ development embryonic morphogenesis sensory organ morphogenesis embryonic organ development cellular response to nitrogen compound cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus response to luteinizing hormone response to peptide hormone cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus response to nitrogen compound cellular response to oxygen-containing compound superoxide metabolic process superoxide anion generation reactive oxygen species metabolic process multi-multicellular organism process maternal process involved in parturition reproductive process multicellular organismal reproductive process parturition multi-organism reproductive process positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction thyroid gland development endocrine system development gland development regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal regulation of blood pressure regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure endocrine process MAPK cascade ERK1 and ERK2 cascade vascular associated smooth muscle contraction phasic smooth muscle contraction muscle contraction smooth muscle contraction vein smooth muscle contraction response to activity response to oxidative stress response to ozone response to stress response to reactive oxygen species regulation of body fluid levels renal system process positive regulation of urine volume regulation of urine volume nitrogen compound transport secretion regulation of hormone levels export from cell hormone secretion peptide transport peptide secretion secretion by cell amide transport peptide hormone secretion signal release hormone transport regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway response to chemokine positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus cytokine-mediated signaling pathway cellular response to chemokine chemokine-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway regulation of response to cytokine stimulus positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway regulation of localization regulation of hormone secretion negative regulation of transport negative regulation of secretion regulation of secretion by cell negative regulation of hormone secretion negative regulation of secretion by cell regulation of transport regulation of secretion glomerular filtration renal filtration histamine transport histamine secretion cellular response to tumor necrosis factor response to tumor necrosis factor biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms immune response response to other organism defense response response to type II interferon defense response to symbiont response to external stimulus cellular response to type II interferon response to biotic stimulus immune system process defense response to other organism innate immune response response to external biotic stimulus nitric oxide transport renal sodium excretion inorganic ion homeostasis regulation of renal system process homeostatic process positive regulation of secretion monoatomic ion homeostasis monoatomic cation homeostasis positive regulation of renal sodium excretion excretion sodium ion homeostasis renal tubular secretion regulation of renal sodium excretion positive regulation of transport chemical homeostasis regulation of excretion positive regulation of locomotion regulation of cell motility positive regulation of cell migration regulation of locomotion positive regulation of cell motility regulation of cell migration cell migration cell motility locomotion adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway artery smooth muscle contraction tonic smooth muscle contraction regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction response to amine response to amphetamine regulation of prostaglandin secretion monocarboxylic acid transport fatty acid transport prostaglandin secretion positive regulation of icosanoid secretion carboxylic acid transport lipid transport regulation of fatty acid transport organic acid transport positive regulation of lipid transport lipid export from cell prostaglandin transport regulation of lipid transport positive regulation of secretion by cell icosanoid transport regulation of icosanoid secretion positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion icosanoid secretion organic anion transport lipid localization positive regulation of lipid localization positive regulation of organic acid transport regulation of lipid localization macromolecule localization regulation of organic acid transport positive regulation of fatty acid transport positive regulation of cell size regulation of cellular component size regulation of cell size negative regulation of gene expression response to lipopolysaccharide response to bacterium response to molecule of bacterial origin endothelin receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process endothelin receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process muscle cell apoptotic process smooth muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic process regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process regulation of programmed cell death cell death regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process apoptotic process programmed cell death phospholipase D-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of hormone secretion meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation sexual reproduction cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism developmental process involved in reproduction female gamete generation meiotic cell cycle process gamete generation oocyte development cell maturation meiotic cell cycle oogenesis developmental maturation anatomical structure maturation germ cell development oocyte maturation oocyte differentiation cell activation leukocyte activation response to decreased oxygen levels cellular response to oxygen levels cellular response to hypoxia cellular response to decreased oxygen levels cellular response to stress response to hypoxia response to oxygen levels response to abiotic stimulus renal filtration cell differentiation kidney epithelium development glomerular epithelial cell differentiation epithelial cell differentiation renal system development nephron development nephron epithelium development epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development glomerular epithelium development glomerulus development cell differentiation involved in kidney development podocyte differentiation kidney development hexose transmembrane transport carbohydrate transport regulation of transmembrane transport D-glucose transmembrane transport regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport monosaccharide transmembrane transport carbohydrate transmembrane transport regulation of response to external stimulus regulation of response to wounding regulation of coagulation regulation of response to stress coagulation response to wounding regulation of hemostasis wound healing negative regulation of wound healing regulation of blood coagulation negative regulation of blood coagulation hemostasis negative regulation of response to wounding blood coagulation negative regulation of hemostasis negative regulation of coagulation negative regulation of response to external stimulus regulation of wound healing negative regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of vasoconstriction intracellular calcium ion homeostasis calcium ion homeostasis cellular homeostasis intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis intracellular chemical homeostasis intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis sympathetic neuron axon guidance axon guidance neuron projection guidance in utero embryonic development body fluid secretion regulation of protein metabolic process protein metabolic process negative regulation of protein metabolic process positive regulation of JNK cascade JNK cascade positive regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of JNK cascade regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of growth regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth regulation of cell differentiation muscle cell differentiation muscle structure development regulation of organ growth regulation of heart growth cardiac muscle tissue growth muscle tissue development cardiac cell development positive regulation of developmental growth positive regulation of heart growth heart growth positive regulation of organ growth positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation regulation of muscle cell differentiation positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development striated muscle cell differentiation cardiac muscle cell development regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation organ growth striated muscle tissue development striated muscle cell development muscle cell development positive regulation of cell differentiation positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation heart development regulation of multicellular organismal development regulation of developmental growth cardiac muscle tissue development physiological muscle hypertrophy cardiac muscle cell differentiation regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development positive regulation of cell growth regulation of cell growth cardiocyte differentiation cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development positive regulation of growth physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy cellular component biogenesis cellular anatomical entity morphogenesis cellular component assembly sarcomere organization actin filament-based process actomyosin structure organization positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization myofibril assembly regulation of sarcomere organization regulation of supramolecular fiber organization supramolecular fiber organization regulation of cytoskeleton organization regulation of actin filament-based process cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis membraneless organelle assembly actin cytoskeleton organization organelle assembly regulation of actomyosin structure organization regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization positive regulation of sarcomere organization cytoskeleton organization response to leptin positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of RNA metabolic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process renal sodium ion transport renal absorption renal sodium ion absorption sodium ion transport semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron projection guidance semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance positive regulation of artery morphogenesis regulation of artery morphogenesis response to acid chemical response to amino acid cellular response to mineralocorticoid stimulus response to mineralocorticoid cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus cellular response to lipid cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport regulation of transmembrane transporter activity regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport positive regulation of molecular function positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport positive regulation of transmembrane transport positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport regulation of monoatomic ion transport positive regulation of cation channel activity regulation of molecular function positive regulation of transporter activity positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration regulation of protein localization positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus regulation of protein localization to nucleus protein localization to nucleus protein localization to organelle positive regulation of protein localization intracellular protein localization endothelial cell migration positive regulation of endothelial cell migration regulation of endothelial cell migration phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to transforming growth factor beta cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus response to growth factor regulation of pH icosanoid metabolic process prostaglandin metabolic process unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process oxoacid metabolic process lipid biosynthetic process organic acid biosynthetic process organic acid metabolic process carboxylic acid biosynthetic process prostanoid metabolic process icosanoid biosynthetic process small molecule metabolic process prostaglandin biosynthetic process prostanoid biosynthetic process fatty acid metabolic process monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process small molecule biosynthetic process carboxylic acid metabolic process fatty acid biosynthetic process unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process monocarboxylic acid metabolic process lipid metabolic process epithelial fluid transport transepithelial transport fluid transport regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation embryonic heart tube development positive regulation of chemotaxis positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis taxis regulation of immune system process positive regulation of immune system process chemotaxis regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis regulation of leukocyte migration positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis neutrophil migration granulocyte migration leukocyte migration positive regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis regulation of neutrophil migration neutrophil chemotaxis regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis positive regulation of response to external stimulus myeloid leukocyte migration cell chemotaxis positive regulation of leukocyte migration positive regulation of neutrophil migration regulation of chemotaxis granulocyte chemotaxis leukocyte chemotaxis cellular response to oxidative stress cellular response to chemical stress cellular response to hydrogen peroxide response to hydrogen peroxide cellular response to reactive oxygen species cAMP/PKA signal transduction heart morphogenesis cardiac neural crest cell development involved in heart development neural crest cell development mesenchymal cell migration ameboidal-type cell migration neural crest cell migration stem cell development cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis cell migration involved in heart development cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development outflow tract morphogenesis cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction regulation of muscle contraction regulation of smooth muscle contraction positive regulation of muscle contraction membrane depolarization regulation of membrane potential response to fatty acid cellular response to fatty acid endothelium development kidney vasculature development renal system vasculature development glomerular endothelium development glomerulus vasculature development mitochondrion organization response to nicotine innervation nerve development axonogenesis involved in innervation cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus response to mechanical stimulus response to muscle stretch	membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system intracellular organelle lumen endoplasmic reticulum lumen rough endoplasmic reticulum intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen organelle lumen organelle endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system intracellular organelle lumen endoplasmic reticulum lumen rough endoplasmic reticulum intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen organelle lumen organelle endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm extracellular region extracellular space intracellular vesicle cytoplasmic vesicle Weibel-Palade body secretory granule clathrin-coated vesicle secretory vesicle coated vesicle vesicle transport vesicle basal part of cell

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A [auth B], B [auth A]	IPR019764	Endothelin-like toxin, conserved site	Conserved Site
A [auth B], B [auth A]	IPR001928	Endothelin-like toxin	Domain
A [auth B], B [auth A]	IPR020475	Endothelin	Family

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A [auth B], B [auth A]	Pharos: P05305	adult acute respiratory distress syndrome kidney disease atrial fibrillation hepatorenal syndrome question mark ears, isolated cardiomyopathy cerebrovascular disorder hypertensive disorder auriculocondylar syndrome 3 type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiomegaly middle cerebral artery infarction chondromalacia pulmonary hypertension coronary artery disease adult acute respiratory distress syndrome kidney disease atrial fibrillation hepatorenal syndrome question mark ears, isolated cardiomyopathy cerebrovascular disorder hypertensive disorder auriculocondylar syndrome 3 type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiomegaly middle cerebral artery infarction chondromalacia pulmonary hypertension coronary artery disease erectile dysfunction focal segmental glomerulosclerosis cardiovascular disease peptic ulcer disease nephrosis subarachnoid hemorrhage asthma kidney failure auriculocondylar syndrome ureteral obstruction Lewy body dementia Parkinson disease cartilage disease preeclampsia pulmonary fibrosis congestive heart failure acute lung injury overactive bladder lung carcinoma peripheral nervous system disease malignant mesothelioma pilocytic astrocytoma hypotensive disorder large cell medulloblastoma ulcerative colitis pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma glioblastoma lung adenocarcinoma heart disease malignant ependymoma peripheral neuropathy medulloblastoma colorectal cancer primitive neuroectodermal tumor congenital heart disease myocardial ischemia idiopathic interstitial pneumonia invasive ductal breast carcinoma ovarian cancer ductal breast carcinoma in situ breast cancer familial atrial fibrillation lung cancer heart failure malignant glioma maturity-onset diabetes of the young congenital diaphragmatic hernia acute kidney failure spina bifida inborn carbohydrate metabolic disorder non-small cell lung carcinoma digestive system disease ischemia reperfusion injury atherosclerosis breast carcinoma

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.