3CSH

Crystal Structure of Glutathione Transferase Pi in complex with the Chlorambucil-Glutathione Conjugate


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.55 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.200 
  • R-Value Work: 0.170 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.171 

Starting Model: experimental
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This is version 1.5 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

The anti-cancer drug chlorambucil as a substrate for the human polymorphic enzyme glutathione transferase P1-1: kinetic properties and crystallographic characterisation of allelic variants.

Parker, L.J.Ciccone, S.Italiano, L.C.Primavera, A.Oakley, A.J.Morton, C.J.Hancock, N.C.Bello, M.L.Parker, M.W.

(2008) J Mol Biol 380: 131-144

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.04.066
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    3CSH, 3CSI, 3CSJ

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    The commonly used anti-cancer drug chlorambucil is the primary treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Chlorambucil has been shown to be detoxified by human glutathione transferase Pi (GST P1-1), an enzyme that is often found over-expressed in cancer tissues. The allelic variants of GST P1-1 are associated with differing susceptibilities to leukaemia and differ markedly in their efficiency in catalysing glutathione (GSH) conjugation reactions. Here, we perform detailed kinetic studies of the allelic variants with the aid of three representative co-substrates. We show that the differing catalytic properties of the variants are highly substrate-dependent. We show also that all variants exhibit the same temperature stability in the range 10 degrees C to 45 degrees C. We have determined the crystal structures of GST P1-1 in complex with chlorambucil and its GSH conjugate for two of these allelic variants that have different residues at positions 104 and 113. Chlorambucil is found to bind in a non-productive mode to the substrate-binding site (H-site) in the absence of GSH. This result suggests that under certain stress conditions where GSH levels are low, GST P1-1 can inactivate the drug by sequestering it from the surrounding medium. However, in the presence of GSH, chlorambucil binds in the H-site in a productive mode and undergoes a conjugation reaction with GSH present in the crystal. The crystal structure of the GSH-chlorambucil complex bound to the *C variant is identical with the *A variant ruling out the hypothesis that primary structure differences between the variants cause structural changes at the active site. Finally, we show that chlorambucil is a very poor inhibitor of the enzyme in contrast to ethacrynic acid, which binds to the enzyme in a similar fashion but can act as both substrate and inhibitor.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Glutathione S-transferase P
A, B
209Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: GSTP1FAEES3GST3
EC: 2.5.1.18
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P09211 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P09211 
Go to UniProtKB:  P09211
PHAROS:  P09211
GTEx:  ENSG00000084207 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP09211
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 6 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
LZ6
Query on LZ6

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
E [auth A],
K [auth B]
L-gamma-glutamyl-S-(2-{[4-(3-carboxypropyl)phenyl](2-chloroethyl)amino}ethyl)-L-cysteinylglycine
C24 H35 Cl N4 O8 S
BQVGPQFUMPRIMA-OALUTQOASA-N
GSH
Query on GSH

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
F [auth A],
L [auth B]
GLUTATHIONE
C10 H17 N3 O6 S
RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N
MES
Query on MES

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
D [auth A],
J [auth B]
2-(N-MORPHOLINO)-ETHANESULFONIC ACID
C6 H13 N O4 S
SXGZJKUKBWWHRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SO4
Query on SO4

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H [auth B]SULFATE ION
O4 S
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CA
Query on CA

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G [auth B]CALCIUM ION
Ca
BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CL
Query on CL

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth A],
I [auth B]
CHLORIDE ION
Cl
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.55 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.200 
  • R-Value Work: 0.170 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.171 
  • Space Group: C 1 2 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 77.346α = 90
b = 89.358β = 98.03
c = 68.946γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
MAR345dtbdata collection
CNSphasing

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

  • Released Date: 2008-07-01 
  • Deposition Author(s): Parker, L.J.

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2008-07-01
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-12-21
    Changes: Non-polymer description
  • Version 1.3: 2012-03-21
    Changes: Non-polymer description
  • Version 1.4: 2017-10-25
    Changes: Refinement description
  • Version 1.5: 2023-08-30
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description