2NN8

Crystal structure of human galectin-3 carbohydrate-recognition domain with lactose bound, at 1.35 angstrom resolution


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.35 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.175 
  • R-Value Work: 0.164 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.165 

Starting Model: experimental
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This is version 2.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Slow diffusion of lactose out of galectin-3 crystals monitored by X-ray crystallography: possible implications for ligand-exchange protocols.

Collins, P.M.Hidari, K.I.Blanchard, H.

(2007) Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 63: 415-419

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S090744490605270X
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    2NMN, 2NMO, 2NN8

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Galectin-3 is a multifunctional carbohydrate-binding protein that has roles in cancer progression. In addition to carbohydrate-dependent extracellular functions, galectin-3 participates in carbohydrate-independent intracellular signalling pathways, including apoptosis, via protein-protein interactions, some of which engage the carbohydrate-binding groove. When ligands bind within this site, conformational rearrangements are induced and information on unliganded galectin-3 is therefore valuable for structure-based drug design. Removal of cocrystallized lactose from the human galectin-3 carbohydrate-recognition domain was achieved via crystal soaking, but took weeks despite low affinity. Pre-soaking to remove lactose enabled the subsequent binding of cryoprotectant glycerol, whereas when the lactose was not removed a priori the glycerol could not displace it in the short cryosoaking time frame. This slow diffusion of lactose out of the crystals contrasts with the entrance of glycerol, which takes place within minutes. The importance of the removal of incumbent ligands prior to attempts to introduce alternative ligands is indicated, even for proteins exhibiting low affinity for ligands, and has significance for ligand exchange in structure-based drug design.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), PMB 50 Gold Coast Mail Centre, Queensland 9726, Australia.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Galectin-3138Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P17931 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P17931 
Go to UniProtKB:  P17931
PHAROS:  P17931
GTEx:  ENSG00000131981 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP17931
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Oligosaccharides

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Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
beta-D-galactopyranose-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranose
B
2N/A
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G84224TW
GlyCosmos:  G84224TW
GlyGen:  G84224TW
Entity ID: 3
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
beta-D-galactopyranose-(1-4)-alpha-D-glucopyranose
C
2N/A
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G88362QR
GlyCosmos:  G88362QR
GlyGen:  G88362QR
Biologically Interesting Molecules (External Reference) 2 Unique
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.35 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.175 
  • R-Value Work: 0.164 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.165 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 36.371α = 90
b = 57.8β = 90
c = 62.603γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
MOSFLMdata reduction
CCP4data scaling
AMoREphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2007-03-06
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-05-01
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Non-polymer description, Version format compliance
  • Version 2.0: 2020-07-29
    Type: Remediation
    Reason: Carbohydrate remediation
    Changes: Atomic model, Data collection, Derived calculations, Non-polymer description, Structure summary
  • Version 2.1: 2023-10-25
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description, Structure summary