2AWM

GFP R96A chromophore maturation recovery mutant R96A Q183R


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.70 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.223 
  • R-Value Work: 0.164 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.223 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.5 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Defining the role of arginine 96 in green fluorescent protein fluorophore biosynthesis.

Wood, T.I.Barondeau, D.P.Hitomi, C.Kassmann, C.J.Tainer, J.A.Getzoff, E.D.

(2005) Biochemistry 44: 16211-16220

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi051388j
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    2AWJ, 2AWK, 2AWL, 2AWM

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Aequoria victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a revolutionary molecular biology tool because of its spontaneous peptide backbone cyclization and chromophore formation from residues Ser65, Tyr66, and Gly67. Here we use structure-based design, comprehensive targeted mutagenesis, and high-resolution crystallography to probe the significant functional role of conserved Arg96 (R96) in chromophore maturation. The R96M GFP variant, in which the R96M side chain is similar in volume but lacks the R96 positive charge, exhibits dramatically slower chromophore maturation kinetics (from hours to months). Comparison of the precyclized conformation of the chromophore-forming residues with the mature R96M chromophore reveals a similar Y66 conformer, contrary to the large Y66 conformational change previously defined in the slowly maturing R96A variant [Barondeau, D. P., Putnam, C. D., Kassmann, C. J., Tainer, J. A., and Getzoff, E. D. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 12111-12116]. Comprehensive R96 mutagenesis and fluorescent colony screening indicate that only the R96K substitution restores wild-type maturation kinetics. Further, we show that the slowly maturing R96A variant can be complemented with a Q183R second-site mutation designed to restore the missing R96 positive charge and rapid fluorophore biosynthesis. Moreover, comparative structural analysis of R96M, R96K, R96A/Q183R, and wild-type GFP reveals the importance of the presence of positive charge, rather than its exact position. Together, these structural, mutational, and biochemical results establish a pivotal role for the R96 positive charge in accelerating the GFP post-translational modification, with implications for peptide backbone cyclization in GFP, its homologues, and related biological systems.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Molecular Biology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
green fluorescent protein228Aequorea victoriaMutation(s): 7 
Gene Names: GFP
UniProt
Find proteins for P42212 (Aequorea victoria)
Explore P42212 
Go to UniProtKB:  P42212
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP42212
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Modified Residues  1 Unique
IDChains TypeFormula2D DiagramParent
CRO
Query on CRO
A
L-PEPTIDE LINKINGC15 H17 N3 O5THR, TYR, GLY
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.70 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.223 
  • R-Value Work: 0.164 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.223 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 51.51α = 90
b = 62.34β = 90
c = 71.26γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
AMoREphasing
SHELXL-97refinement

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2006-04-18
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-05-01
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2021-10-20
    Changes: Database references, Derived calculations
  • Version 1.4: 2023-08-23
    Changes: Data collection, Refinement description
  • Version 1.5: 2023-11-15
    Changes: Data collection