4UT3

X-ray structure of the human PP1 gamma catalytic subunit treated with hydrogen peroxide


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.19 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.211 
  • R-Value Work: 0.173 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.175 

Starting Model: experimental
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wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Targeted Redox Inhibition of Protein Phosphatase 1 by Nox4 Regulates Eif2Alpha-Mediated Stress Signaling.

Santos, C.X.Hafstad, A.D.Beretta, M.Zhang, M.Molenaar, C.Kopec, J.Fotinou, D.Murray, T.V.Cobb, A.M.Martin, D.Zeh Silva, M.Anilkumar, N.Schroder, K.Shanahan, C.M.Brewer, A.C.Brandes, R.P.Blanc, E.Parsons, M.Belousov, V.Cammack, R.Hider, R.C.Steiner, R.A.Shah, A.M.

(2016) EMBO J 35: 319

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201592394
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4UT2, 4UT3

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) attenuates global protein synthesis but enhances translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and is a crucial evolutionarily conserved adaptive pathway during cellular stresses. The serine-threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) deactivates this pathway whereas prolonging eIF2α phosphorylation enhances cell survival. Here, we show that the reactive oxygen species-generating NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) is induced downstream of ATF4, binds to a PP1-targeting subunit GADD34 at the endoplasmic reticulum, and inhibits PP1 activity to increase eIF2α phosphorylation and ATF4 levels. Other PP1 targets distant from the endoplasmic reticulum are unaffected, indicating a spatially confined inhibition of the phosphatase. PP1 inhibition involves metal center oxidation rather than the thiol oxidation that underlies redox inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases. We show that this Nox4-regulated pathway robustly enhances cell survival and has a physiologic role in heart ischemia-reperfusion and acute kidney injury. This work uncovers a novel redox signaling pathway, involving Nox4-GADD34 interaction and a targeted oxidative inactivation of the PP1 metal center, that sustains eIF2α phosphorylation to protect tissues under stress.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
SERINE/THREONINE-PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE PP1-GAMMA CATALYTIC SUBUNIT323Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
EC: 3.1.3.16
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P36873 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P36873 
Go to UniProtKB:  P36873
PHAROS:  P36873
GTEx:  ENSG00000186298 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP36873
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
SERINE/THREONINE-PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE PP1-GAMMA CATALYTIC SUBUNIT323Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
EC: 3.1.3.16
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P36873 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P36873 
Go to UniProtKB:  P36873
PHAROS:  P36873
GTEx:  ENSG00000186298 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP36873
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.19 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.211 
  • R-Value Work: 0.173 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.175 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 38.45α = 90
b = 105.22β = 90.34
c = 89.82γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
XDSdata reduction
Aimlessdata scaling
MOLREPphasing

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2015-07-22
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2017-01-25
    Changes: Database references, Structure summary
  • Version 1.2: 2024-01-10
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Other, Refinement description