1S1D

Structure and protein design of human apyrase

• PDB DOI: https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb1S1D/pdb

• Classification: HYDROLASE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli
• Mutation(s): No 


• Deposited: 2004-01-06 Released: 2004-03-16 
• Deposition Author(s): Dai, J., Liu, J., Deng, Y., Smith, T.M., Lu, M.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.60 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.194 
• R-Value Work: 0.164 
• R-Value Observed: 0.166 

Literature

Structure and protein design of a human platelet function inhibitor.

Dai, J., Liu, J., Deng, Y., Smith, T.M., Lu, M.

(2004) Cell 116: 649-659

• PubMed: 15006348 
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00172-2
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  1S18, 1S1D


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

  Hematophagous arthropods secrete a salivary apyrase that inhibits platelet activation by catabolizing ADP released from damaged tissues and blood cells. We report the X-ray crystal structures of a human enzyme of the soluble apyrase family in its apo state and bound to a substrate analog. The structures reveal a nucleotide binding domain comprising a five-blade beta propeller, binding determinants of the substrate and the active site, and an unusual calcium binding site with a potential regulatory function. Using a comparative structural biology approach, we were able to redesign the human apyrase so as to enhance its ADPase activity by more than 100-fold. The engineered enzyme is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and may serve as the basis for the development of a new class of antithrombotic agents.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Biological Assembly 1  

Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A1 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors.

Biological Assembly 2  

Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A1 

Biological assembly 2 assigned by authors.

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 76.15 kDa 
• Atom Count: 5,776 
• Modelled Residue Count: 632 
• Deposited Residue Count: 662 
• Unique protein chains: 1

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
apyrase	A, B	331	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: SHAPY EC: 3.6.1.5
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for Q8WVQ1 (Homo sapiens) Explore Q8WVQ1  Go to UniProtKB:  Q8WVQ1
PHAROS:  Q8WVQ1 GTEx:  ENSG00000171302

Small Molecules

Ligands 5 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
GP2	E [auth A], M [auth B]	PHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID GUANOSYL ESTER C11 H17 N5 O10 P2 OCJWYBKRHNXUME-KQYNXXCUSA-N
TRS	F [auth A], G [auth A], H [auth A], I [auth A], N [auth B], O [auth B], P [auth B]	2-AMINO-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-PROPANE-1,3-DIOL C4 H12 N O3 LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-O
SO4	K [auth B], L [auth B]	SULFATE ION O4 S QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
ACT	D [auth A]	ACETATE ION C2 H3 O2 QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M
CA	C [auth A], J [auth B]	CALCIUM ION Ca BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.60 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.194 
• R-Value Work: 0.164 
• R-Value Observed: 0.166 
• Space Group: P 1

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 43.163	α = 98.99
b = 52.45	β = 106.99
c = 77.478	γ = 100.09

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
REFMAC	refinement
DENZO	data reduction
SCALEPACK	data scaling
MOLREP	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Released Date: 2004-03-16 
Deposition Author(s): Dai, J., Liu, J., Deng, Y., Smith, T.M., Lu, M.

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 2004-03-16
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2008-04-29
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.3: 2023-08-23
  Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description