1FUN

SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE MUTANT WITH LYS 136 REPLACED BY GLU, CYS 6 REPLACED BY ALA AND CYS 111 REPLACED BY SER (K136E, C6A, C111S)


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.85 Å
  • R-Value Work: 0.189 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.189 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Computational, pulse-radiolytic, and structural investigations of lysine-136 and its role in the electrostatic triad of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase.

Fisher, C.L.Cabelli, D.E.Hallewell, R.A.Beroza, P.Lo, T.P.Getzoff, E.D.Tainer, J.A.

(1997) Proteins 29: 103-112

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0134(199709)29:1<103::aid-prot8>3.0.co;2-g
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1FUN

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Key charged residues in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) promote electrostatic steering of the superoxide substrate to the active site Cu ion, resulting in dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, Lys-136, along with the adjacent residues Glu-132 and Glu-133, forms a proposed electrostatic triad contributing to substrate recognition. Human Cu,Zn SODs with single-site replacements of Lys-136 by Arg,Ala, Gln, or Glu or with a triple-site substitution (Glu-132 and Glu-133 to Gln and Lys-136 to Ala) were made to test hypotheses regarding contributions of these residues to Cu,Zn SOD activity. The structural effects of these mutations were modeled computationally and validated by the X-ray crystallographic structure determination of Cu,Zn SOD having the Lys-136-to-Glu replacement. Brownian dynamics simulations and multiple-site titration calculations predicted mutant reaction rates as well as ionic strength and pH effects measured by pulse-radiolytic experiments. Lys-136-to-Glu charge reversal decreased dismutation activity 50% from 2.2 x 10(9) to 1.2 x 10(9) M-1 s-1 due to repulsion of negatively charged superoxide, whereas charge-neutralizing substitutions (Lys-136 to Gln or Ala) had a less dramatic influence. In contrast, the triple-mutant Cu,Zn SOD (all three charges in the electrostatic triad neutralized) surprisingly doubled the reaction rate compared with wild-type enzyme but introduced phosphate inhibition. Computational and experimental reaction rates decreased with increasing ionic strength in all of the Lys-136 mutants, with charge reversal having a more pronounced effect than charge neutralization, implying that local electrostatic effects still govern the dismutation rates. Multiple-site titration analysis showed that deprotonation events throughout the enzyme are likely responsible for the gradual decrease in SOD activity above pH 9.5 and predicted a pKa value of 11.7 for Lys-136. Overall, Lys-136 and Glu-132 make comparable contributions to substrate recognition but are less critical to enzyme function than Arg-143, which is both mechanistically and electrostatically essential. Thus, the sequence-conserved residues of this electrostatic triad are evidently important solely for their electrostatic properties, which maintain the high catalytic rate and turnover of Cu,Zn SOD while simultaneously providing specificity by selecting against binding by other anions.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE153Homo sapiensMutation(s): 3 
EC: 1.15.1.1
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P00441 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P00441 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00441
PHAROS:  P00441
GTEx:  ENSG00000142168 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00441
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 3 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
SO4
Query on SO4

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
O [auth F]SULFATE ION
O4 S
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
ZN
Query on ZN

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
AA [auth I]
CA [auth E]
EA [auth J]
L [auth A]
N [auth F]
AA [auth I],
CA [auth E],
EA [auth J],
L [auth A],
N [auth F],
Q [auth B],
S [auth G],
U [auth C],
W [auth H],
Y [auth D]
ZINC ION
Zn
PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CU
Query on CU

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
BA [auth E]
DA [auth J]
K [auth A]
M [auth F]
P [auth B]
BA [auth E],
DA [auth J],
K [auth A],
M [auth F],
P [auth B],
R [auth G],
T [auth C],
V [auth H],
X [auth D],
Z [auth I]
COPPER (II) ION
Cu
JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.85 Å
  • R-Value Work: 0.189 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.189 
  • Space Group: C 2 2 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 205.2α = 90
b = 167β = 90
c = 145.5γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
X-PLORmodel building
X-PLORrefinement
X-PLORphasing

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 1999-07-23
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-03-24
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2021-11-03
    Changes: Database references, Derived calculations, Other