PemK-like, MazF-like toxin of type II toxin-antitoxin system
PemK is a growth inhibitor in E. coli known to bind to the promoter region of the Pem operon, auto-regulating synthesis. This family represents the toxin molecule of a typical bacterial toxin-antitoxin system pairing. The family includes a number of ...
PemK is a growth inhibitor in E. coli known to bind to the promoter region of the Pem operon, auto-regulating synthesis. This family represents the toxin molecule of a typical bacterial toxin-antitoxin system pairing. The family includes a number of different toxins, such as MazF, Kid, PemK, ChpA, ChpB and ChpAK.
AbrB-like is a family of small proteins that operate in conjunction with a cognate toxin molecule. The commonly attributed role of toxin-antitoxin systems is to maintain low-copy number plasmids from one generation to the next. Such gene-pairs are al ...
AbrB-like is a family of small proteins that operate in conjunction with a cognate toxin molecule. The commonly attributed role of toxin-antitoxin systems is to maintain low-copy number plasmids from one generation to the next. Such gene-pairs are also found on chromosomes and to be associated with a number of biological functions such as: reduction of protein synthesis, gene regulation and retardation of cell growth under nutritional stress [1]. This family includes proteins from a number of different pairings, eg MazE, AbrB, VapB [2], PhoU, PemI-like and SpoVT. MazE is the antidote to the toxin MazF of E. coli. MazE-MazF in E. coli is a regulated prokaryotic chromosomal addiction module. MazE antidote is degraded by the ClpPA protease of the bacterial proteasome. MazE-MazF is thought to play a role in programmed cell death when cells suffer nutrient deprivation [3], and MazE-MazF modules have also been implicated in the bacteriostatic effects of other addiction modules [3].