PMID- 11807546
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20020315
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0028-0836 (Print)
IS  - 0028-0836 (Linking)
VI  - 415
IP  - 6870
DP  - 2002 Jan 24
TI  - Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cyclase exotoxin by
      calmodulin.
PG  - 396-402
AB  - Oedema factor, a calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase, is important in the
      pathogenesis of anthrax. Here we report the X-ray structures of oedema factor
      with and without bound calmodulin. Oedema factor shares no significant structural
      homology with mammalian adenylyl cyclases or other proteins. In the active site, 
      3'-deoxy-ATP and a single metal ion are well positioned for catalysis with
      histidine 351 as the catalytic base. This mechanism differs from the mechanism of
      two-metal-ion catalysis proposed for mammalian adenylyl cyclases. Four discrete
      regions of oedema factor form a surface that recognizes an extended conformation 
      of calmodulin, which is very different from the collapsed conformation observed
      in other structures of calmodulin bound to effector peptides. On calmodulin
      binding, an oedema factor helical domain of relative molecular mass 15,000
      undergoes a 15 A translation and a 30 degrees rotation away from the oedema
      factor catalytic core, which stabilizes a disordered loop and leads to enzyme
      activation. These allosteric changes provide the first molecular details of how
      calmodulin modulates one of its targets.
FAU - Drum, Chester L
AU  - Drum CL
AD  - Ben-May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th
      Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
FAU - Yan, Shui-Zhong
AU  - Yan SZ
FAU - Bard, Joel
AU  - Bard J
FAU - Shen, Yue-Quan
AU  - Shen YQ
FAU - Lu, Dan
AU  - Lu D
FAU - Soelaiman, Sandriyana
AU  - Soelaiman S
FAU - Grabarek, Zenon
AU  - Grabarek Z
FAU - Bohm, Andrew
AU  - Bohm A
FAU - Tang, Wei-Jen
AU  - Tang WJ
LA  - eng
SI  - PDB/1K8T
SI  - PDB/1K90
SI  - PDB/1K93
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - Nature
JT  - Nature
JID - 0410462
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Calmodulin)
RN  - 0 (Exotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Macromolecular Substances)
RN  - 0 (anthrax toxin)
RN  - EC 4.6.1.1 (Adenylyl Cyclases)
SB  - IM
CIN - Nature. 2002 Jan 24;415(6870):373-4. PMID: 11807530
MH  - Adenylyl Cyclases/*chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, Bacterial
MH  - Bacillus anthracis/*enzymology
MH  - Bacterial Toxins
MH  - Calmodulin/*chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Catalytic Domain
MH  - Crystallography, X-Ray
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Exotoxins/*chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Macromolecular Substances
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Conformation
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
EDAT- 2002/01/25 10:00
MHDA- 2002/03/16 10:01
CRDT- 2002/01/25 10:00
PHST- 2002/01/25 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/03/16 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2002/01/25 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1038/415396a [doi]
AID - 415396a [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nature. 2002 Jan 24;415(6870):396-402. doi: 10.1038/415396a.