1EZF

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SQUALENE SYNTHASE


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.15 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.262 
  • R-Value Work: 0.213 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 1.5 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Crystal structure of human squalene synthase. A key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.

Pandit, J.Danley, D.E.Schulte, G.K.Mazzalupo, S.Pauly, T.A.Hayward, C.M.Hamanaka, E.S.Thompson, J.F.Harwood Jr., H.J.

(2000) J Biol Chem 275: 30610-30617

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M004132200
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1EZF

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Squalene synthase catalyzes the biosynthesis of squalene, a key cholesterol precursor, through a reductive dimerization of two farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) molecules. The reaction is unique when compared with those of other FPP-utilizing enzymes and proceeds in two distinct steps, both of which involve the formation of carbocationic reaction intermediates. Because FPP is located at the final branch point in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, its conversion to squalene through the action of squalene synthase represents the first committed step in the formation of cholesterol, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. We have determined, for the first time, the crystal structures of recombinant human squalene synthase complexed with several different inhibitors. The structure shows that SQS is folded as a single domain, with a large channel in the middle of one face. The active sites of the two half-reactions catalyzed by the enzyme are located in the central channel, which is lined on both sides by conserved aspartate and arginine residues, which are known from mutagenesis experiments to be involved in FPP binding. One end of this channel is exposed to solvent, whereas the other end leads to a completely enclosed pocket surrounded by conserved hydrophobic residues. These observations, along with mutagenesis data identifying residues that affect substrate binding and activity, suggest that two molecules of FPP bind at one end of the channel, where the active center of the first half-reaction is located, and then the stable reaction intermediate moves into the deep pocket, where it is sequestered from solvent and the second half-reaction occurs. Five alpha helices surrounding the active center are structurally homologous to the active core in the three other isoprenoid biosynthetic enzymes whose crystal structures are known, even though there is no detectable sequence homology.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Departments of Exploratory Medicinal Sciences and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Pfizer Central Research, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA. jayvardhan_pandit@groton.pfizer.com


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
FARNESYL-DIPHOSPHATE FARNESYLTRANSFERASE
A, B, C
340Homo sapiensMutation(s): 3 
EC: 2.5.1.21
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P37268 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P37268 
Go to UniProtKB:  P37268
PHAROS:  P37268
GTEx:  ENSG00000079459 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP37268
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 1 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
IN0
Query on IN0

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
D [auth A],
E [auth B],
F [auth C]
N-{2-[TRANS-7-CHLORO-1-(2,2-DIMETHYL-PROPYL) -5-NAPHTHALEN-1-YL-2-OXO-1,2,3,5-TETRAHYDRO-BENZO[E] [1,4]OXAZEPIN-3-YL]-ACETYL}-ASPARTIC ACID
C30 H31 Cl N2 O7
GXDQAFKUUPODFF-CAKYRVLISA-N
Binding Affinity Annotations 
IDSourceBinding Affinity
IN0 PDBBind:  1EZF IC50: 56 (nM) from 1 assay(s)
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.15 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.262 
  • R-Value Work: 0.213 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 76.76α = 90
b = 87.92β = 90
c = 154.17γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
MLPHAREphasing
X-PLORrefinement
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2000-10-18
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-27
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2018-01-31
    Changes: Experimental preparation
  • Version 1.4: 2021-11-03
    Changes: Database references, Derived calculations
  • Version 1.5: 2024-02-07
    Changes: Data collection