2FLU

Crystal Structure of the Kelch-Neh2 Complex

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A [auth X]	d2flux1	All beta proteins	6-bladed beta-propeller	Kelch motif	Kelch motif	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, KEAP1	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A [auth X]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Kelch motif	8033525	3000448	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A [auth X]	Kelch_1	e2fluX1	A: beta duplicates or obligate multimers	X: beta-propeller-like	H: beta-propeller	T: 6-bladed	F: Kelch_1	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
A [auth X]	2.120.10.80	Mainly Beta	6 Propeller	Neuraminidase	Kelch-type beta propeller	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A [auth X]	PF01344	Kelch motif (Kelch_1)	Kelch motif	-	Repeat

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A [auth X]	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	transcription factor binding RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding protein binding binding DNA-binding transcription factor binding ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity enzyme-substrate adaptor activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity disordered domain specific binding protein domain specific binding identical protein binding	developmental process multicellular organismal process epithelium development regulation of biological process regulation of multicellular organismal development regulation of cellular process cellular developmental process regulation of developmental process epidermal cell differentiation regulation of epidermal cell differentiation epidermis development biological regulation regulation of cell differentiation tissue development epithelial cell differentiation developmental process multicellular organismal process epithelium development regulation of biological process regulation of multicellular organismal development regulation of cellular process cellular developmental process regulation of developmental process epidermal cell differentiation regulation of epidermal cell differentiation epidermis development biological regulation regulation of cell differentiation tissue development epithelial cell differentiation regulation of epithelial cell differentiation multicellular organism development cell differentiation anatomical structure development cellular process regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of epidermis development cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity RNA metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleic acid biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process organic substance metabolic process heterocycle metabolic process organic substance biosynthetic process nitrogen compound metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process negative regulation of molecular function cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process primary metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process heterocycle biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of molecular function organic cyclic compound metabolic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity aromatic compound biosynthetic process organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process metabolic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process cellular aromatic compound metabolic process cellular response to stimulus response to organic substance response to stimulus response to cytokine response to interleukin-4 cellular response to chemical stimulus response to chemical cellular response to cytokine stimulus cellular response to interleukin-4 cellular response to organic substance positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process catabolic process positive regulation of protein metabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process positive regulation of biological process proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process proteolysis positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process protein metabolic process organonitrogen compound catabolic process organonitrogen compound metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process proteasomal protein catabolic process protein catabolic process regulation of catabolic process positive regulation of protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process positive regulation of catabolic process regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process organic substance catabolic process regulation of protein catabolic process protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal response to oxidative stress cellular response to stress response to stress cellular response to oxidative stress cellular response to chemical stress embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching chordate embryonic development embryo development in utero embryonic development autophagy regulation of autophagy cellular catabolic process regulation of cellular catabolic process process utilizing autophagic mechanism	midbody cellular anatomical entity intracellular anatomical structure intracellular organelle centrosome microtubule organizing center cytoskeleton centriolar satellite organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle microtubule cytoskeleton non-membrane-bounded organelle cytoplasm cytosol midbody cellular anatomical entity intracellular anatomical structure intracellular organelle centrosome microtubule organizing center cytoskeleton centriolar satellite organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle microtubule cytoskeleton non-membrane-bounded organelle cytoplasm cytosol inclusion body membrane-bounded organelle nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle lumen nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen polymeric cytoskeletal fiber actin filament actin cytoskeleton supramolecular fiber supramolecular polymer supramolecular complex cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex protein-containing complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex intracellular protein-containing complex endoplasmic reticulum endomembrane system
B [auth P]	Nrf2	DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding transcription cis-regulatory region binding binding double-stranded DNA binding organic cyclic compound binding nucleic acid binding transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding transcription factor binding transcription coregulator binding protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific transcription regulator activity DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding transcription cis-regulatory region binding binding double-stranded DNA binding organic cyclic compound binding nucleic acid binding transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding transcription factor binding transcription coregulator binding protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific transcription regulator activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity ubiquitin protein ligase binding ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding enzyme binding DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription activator activity protein domain specific binding RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding DNA-binding transcription factor binding RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	regulation of cellular process cellular biosynthetic process positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process organic substance metabolic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process organic substance biosynthetic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of cellular process regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of biological process cellular metabolic process regulation of cellular process cellular biosynthetic process positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process organic substance metabolic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process organic substance biosynthetic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of cellular process regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of biological process cellular metabolic process biological regulation regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process cellular process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process response to stimulus response to stress response to ischemia response to extracellular stimulus cellular response to stimulus response to nutrient levels response to external stimulus cellular response to starvation cell communication cellular response to nutrient levels cellular response to stress cellular response to extracellular stimulus response to starvation cellular response to glucose starvation cellular response to external stimulus response to decreased oxygen levels cellular response to oxygen levels cellular response to hypoxia cellular response to decreased oxygen levels cellular response to chemical stimulus response to hypoxia response to chemical response to oxygen levels response to abiotic stimulus organonitrogen compound catabolic process organonitrogen compound metabolic process catabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process proteasomal protein catabolic process primary metabolic process protein catabolic process proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process proteolysis nitrogen compound metabolic process protein metabolic process organic substance catabolic process protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal response to oxidative stress cellular response to oxidative stress cellular response to chemical stress regulation of cellular response to hypoxia negative regulation of biological process regulation of cellular response to stress regulation of response to stress negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia regulation of response to stimulus regulation of neuron projection development multicellular organismal process regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization cellular developmental process cell projection organization cell development neuron projection development cellular component organization neurogenesis multicellular organism development neuron differentiation positive regulation of neuron projection development cell differentiation anatomical structure development positive regulation of cell projection organization cellular component organization or biogenesis system development developmental process plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization regulation of cell projection organization nervous system development generation of neurons neuron development regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization response to fluid shear stress cellular response to fluid shear stress cell redox homeostasis cellular homeostasis homeostatic process negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic process regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process regulation of programmed cell death cell death cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of apoptotic process regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process striated muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process apoptotic process programmed cell death regulation of body fluid levels positive regulation of coagulation regulation of response to external stimulus positive regulation of blood coagulation regulation of response to wounding regulation of coagulation positive regulation of response to stimulus coagulation regulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of hemostasis regulation of biological quality response to wounding regulation of hemostasis positive regulation of response to wounding wound healing regulation of blood coagulation hemostasis blood coagulation positive regulation of wound healing regulation of wound healing positive regulation of multicellular organismal process cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus response to xenobiotic stimulus integrated stress response signaling regulation of primary metabolic process regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process transcription by RNA polymerase II heterocycle metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of RNA metabolic process organic cyclic compound metabolic process aromatic compound biosynthetic process organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription RNA metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleic acid biosynthetic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process heterocycle biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process cellular aromatic compound metabolic process response to organic substance cellular response to topologically incorrect protein signaling endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response cellular response to unfolded protein response to unfolded protein response to topologically incorrect protein signal transduction cellular response to organic substance response to endoplasmic reticulum stress aflatoxin metabolic process detoxification aflatoxin catabolic process secondary metabolic process cellular catabolic process mycotoxin metabolic process toxin catabolic process organic heteropentacyclic compound metabolic process toxin metabolic process mycotoxin catabolic process organic cyclic compound catabolic process response to toxic substance organic heteropentacyclic compound catabolic process heterocycle catabolic process reactive oxygen species metabolic process regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress response to superoxide cellular oxidant detoxification response to inorganic substance cellular response to oxygen radical cellular response to reactive oxygen species regulation of response to oxidative stress cellular detoxification response to oxygen-containing compound regulation of superoxide metabolic process cellular response to oxygen-containing compound response to reactive oxygen species regulation of removal of superoxide radicals superoxide metabolic process removal of superoxide radicals regulation of response to reactive oxygen species cellular response to superoxide regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process cellular response to toxic substance response to oxygen radical positive regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process positive regulation of catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration negative regulation of locomotion vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration regulation of cell motility negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration regulation of smooth muscle cell migration smooth muscle cell migration muscle cell migration negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration regulation of locomotion regulation of cell migration negative regulation of cell motility cell migration cell motility locomotion negative regulation of cell migration negative regulation of stem cell differentiation negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation regulation of developmental process regulation of cell differentiation regulation of stem cell differentiation hematopoietic stem cell differentiation negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation negative regulation of cell differentiation regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation hemopoiesis negative regulation of developmental process regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation stem cell differentiation hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process cellular response to inorganic substance response to copper ion cellular response to metal ion response to metal ion cellular response to copper ion PERK-mediated unfolded protein response ER-nucleus signaling pathway cellular response to hydrogen peroxide response to hydrogen peroxide response to cytokine cellular response to tumor necrosis factor cellular response to cytokine stimulus response to tumor necrosis factor regulation of defense response regulation of response to biotic stimulus biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms response to biotic stimulus innate immune response regulation of immune system process response to external biotic stimulus immune response response to other organism defense response regulation of innate immune response defense response to symbiont immune system process defense response to other organism regulation of immune response response to laminar fluid shear stress cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress positive regulation of locomotion regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration endothelial cell migration positive regulation of cell migration positive regulation of epithelial cell migration tissue migration ameboidal-type cell migration positive regulation of cell motility blood vessel endothelial cell migration regulation of endothelial cell migration epithelial cell migration regulation of epithelial cell migration positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration epithelium migration positive regulation of endothelial cell migration intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway negative regulation of signaling negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of signal transduction regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of cell communication regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of signaling negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway negative regulation of signal transduction apoptotic signaling pathway negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of cell communication regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway angiogenesis regulation of vasculature development positive regulation of developmental process tube morphogenesis regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis blood vessel development regulation of multicellular organismal development blood vessel morphogenesis tube development positive regulation of angiogenesis vasculature development circulatory system development anatomical structure morphogenesis positive regulation of vasculature development regulation of angiogenesis anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis inflammatory response regulation of embryonic development embryo development negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process epithelial cell apoptotic process negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process endothelial cell apoptotic process regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process regulation of localization hexose transmembrane transport glucose import transport carbohydrate transport localization positive regulation of transmembrane transport glucose transmembrane transport regulation of glucose import positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport regulation of transport organic substance transport establishment of localization transmembrane transport regulation of glucose transmembrane transport regulation of transmembrane transport positive regulation of transport monosaccharide transmembrane transport positive regulation of glucose import carbohydrate transmembrane transport cellular response to nitrogen compound response to angiotensin response to endogenous stimulus response to organonitrogen compound response to peptide hormone cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus cellular response to angiotensin response to nitrogen compound cellular response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to organonitrogen compound response to hormone cellular response to hormone stimulus positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process ERAD pathway regulation of ERAD pathway positive regulation of protein catabolic process regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process positive regulation of ERAD pathway regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation of protein catabolic process glutathione metabolic process regulation of amide metabolic process positive regulation of sulfur metabolic process organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process positive regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process regulation of sulfur metabolic process sulfur compound metabolic process amide metabolic process amide biosynthetic process regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process cellular modified amino acid metabolic process sulfur compound biosynthetic process peptide biosynthetic process cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process positive regulation of amide metabolic process glutathione biosynthetic process nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process peptide metabolic process	intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cellular anatomical entity cytosol intracellular organelle protein-containing complex protein-DNA complex organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle chromatin chromosome non-membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle Golgi apparatus intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cellular anatomical entity cytosol intracellular organelle protein-containing complex protein-DNA complex organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle chromatin chromosome non-membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle Golgi apparatus intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex nucleus nuclear protein-containing complex transcription regulator complex centrosome microtubule organizing center cytoskeleton microtubule cytoskeleton cell periphery plasma membrane membrane membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular organelle lumen nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A [auth X]	IPR000210	BTB/POZ domain	Domain
A [auth X]	IPR015915	Kelch-type beta propeller	Homologous Superfamily
A [auth X]	IPR006652	Kelch repeat type 1	Repeat
A [auth X]	IPR011705	BTB/Kelch-associated	Domain
A [auth X]	IPR017096	BTB-kelch protein	Family
A [auth X]	IPR030563	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, BTB/POZ domain	Domain
A [auth X]	IPR047098	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, BACK domain	Domain
A [auth X]	IPR011333	SKP1/BTB/POZ domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B [auth P]	IPR004826	Basic leucine zipper domain, Maf-type	Domain
B [auth P]	IPR004827	Basic-leucine zipper domain	Domain
B [auth P]	IPR008917	Transcription factor, Skn-1-like, DNA-binding domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B [auth P]	IPR047167	Nuclear Factor Erythroid-derived 2-like	Family
B [auth P]	IPR046347	Basic-leucine zipper domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A [auth X]	Pharos: Q14145	renal cell carcinoma keratosis lung cancer non-small cell lung carcinoma collecting duct carcinoma gallbladder cancer chromophobe renal cell carcinoma sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma hepatitis papillary renal cell carcinoma prostate cancer Hepatomegaly ankylosing spondylitis digestive system disease inflammatory bowel disease renal cell carcinoma keratosis lung cancer non-small cell lung carcinoma collecting duct carcinoma gallbladder cancer chromophobe renal cell carcinoma sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma hepatitis papillary renal cell carcinoma prostate cancer Hepatomegaly ankylosing spondylitis digestive system disease inflammatory bowel disease lung disease osteosarcoma astrocytic tumor primary biliary cholangitis relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis extrahepatic cholestasis gallbladder neoplasm lung adenocarcinoma cancer clear cell renal carcinoma renal carcinoma Crohn disease
B [auth P]	Pharos: Q16236	esophageal squamous cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma prostate cancer keratosis skin neoplasm acute lung injury Vascular System Injuries allergic contact dermatitis cholestasis non-small cell lung carcinoma cirrhosis of liver hyperglycemia hyperplasia pulmonary fibrosis endometrial carcinoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma prostate cancer keratosis skin neoplasm acute lung injury Vascular System Injuries allergic contact dermatitis cholestasis non-small cell lung carcinoma cirrhosis of liver hyperglycemia hyperplasia pulmonary fibrosis endometrial carcinoma experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis congestive heart failure pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma primary ovarian failure skin cancer kidney disease liver cancer non-alcoholic fatty liver disease digestive system disease immunodeficiency, developmental delay, and hypohomocysteinemia pulmonary emphysema drug-induced liver injury endometrial cancer acute kidney failure lung adenocarcinoma myopathy glioblastoma head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ovarian cancer diabetic kidney disease primary biliary cholangitis inborn carbohydrate metabolic disorder toxic encephalopathy vitiligo fatty liver disease cancer gastric carcinoma hepatocellular carcinoma Down syndrome idiopathic interstitial pneumonia psoriasis tuberculosis extrahepatic cholestasis liver neoplasm neurodegenerative disease heart failure osteosarcoma dermatomyositis

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the National Science Foundation (DBI-1832184), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM133198.