1HV1

DISSECTING ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS AND THE PH-DEPENDENT ACTIVITY OF A FAMILY 11 GLYCOSIDASE


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.80 Å
  • R-Value Work: 0.164 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.164 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.4 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Dissecting the electrostatic interactions and pH-dependent activity of a family 11 glycosidase.

Joshi, M.D.Sidhu, G.Nielsen, J.E.Brayer, G.D.Withers, S.G.McIntosh, L.P.

(2001) Biochemistry 40: 10115-10139

  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1HV0, 1HV1

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Previous studies of the low molecular mass family 11 xylanase from Bacillus circulans show that the ionization state of the nucleophile (Glu78, pK(a) 4.6) and the acid/base catalyst (Glu172, pK(a) 6.7) gives rise to its pH-dependent activity profile. Inspection of the crystal structure of BCX reveals that Glu78 and Glu172 are in very similar environments and are surrounded by several chemically equivalent and highly conserved active site residues. Hence, there are no obvious reasons why their apparent pK(a) values are different. To address this question, a mutagenic approach was implemented to determine what features establish the pK(a) values (measured directly by (13)C NMR and indirectly by pH-dependent activity profiles) of these two catalytic carboxylic acids. Analysis of several BCX variants indicates that the ionized form of Glu78 is preferentially stabilized over that of Glu172 in part by stronger hydrogen bonds contributed by two well-ordered residues, namely, Tyr69 and Gln127. In addition, theoretical pK(a) calculations show that Glu78 has a lower pK(a) value than Glu172 due to a smaller desolvation energy and more favorable background interactions with permanent partial charges and ionizable groups within the protein. The pK(a) value of Glu172 is in turn elevated due to electrostatic repulsion from the negatively charged glutamate at position 78. The results also indicate that all of the conserved active site residues act concertedly in establishing the pK(a) values of Glu78 and Glu172, with no particular residue being singly more important than any of the others. In general, residues that contribute positive charges and hydrogen bonds serve to lower the pK(a) values of Glu78 and Glu172. The degree to which a hydrogen bond lowers a pK(a) value is largely dependent on the length of the hydrogen bond (shorter bonds lower pK(a) values more) and the chemical nature of the donor (COOH > OH > CONH(2)). In contrast, neighboring carboxyl groups can either lower or raise the pK(a) values of the catalytic glutamic acids depending upon the electrostatic linkage of the ionization constants of the residues involved in the interaction. While the pH optimum of BCX can be shifted from -1.1 to +0.6 pH units by mutating neighboring residues within the active site, activity is usually compromised due to the loss of important ground and/or transition state interactions. These results suggest that the pH optima of an enzyme might be best engineered by making strategic amino acid substitutions, at positions outside of the "core" active site, that electrostatically influence catalytic residues without perturbing their immediate structural environment.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
ENDO-1,4-BETA-XYLANASE185Niallia circulansMutation(s): 1 
EC: 3.2.1.8
UniProt
Find proteins for P09850 (Niallia circulans)
Explore P09850 
Go to UniProtKB:  P09850
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP09850
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.80 Å
  • R-Value Work: 0.164 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.164 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 43.994α = 90
b = 52.711β = 90
c = 78.202γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
X-PLORmodel building
X-PLORrefinement
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
X-PLORphasing

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2001-09-14
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-27
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2021-10-27
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.4: 2023-08-09
    Changes: Data collection, Refinement description