PMID- 17098747 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070307 LR - 20161122 IS - 0021-9258 (Print) IS - 0021-9258 (Linking) VI - 282 IP - 2 DP - 2007 Jan 12 TI - Structural and biochemical investigation of the role in proofreading of a beta hairpin loop found in the exonuclease domain of a replicative DNA polymerase of the B family. PG - 1432-44 AB - Replicative DNA polymerases, as exemplified by the B family polymerases from bacteriophages T4 and RB69, not only replicate DNA but also have the ability to proofread misincorporated nucleotides. Because the two activities reside in separate protein domains, polymerases must employ a mechanism that allows for efficient switching of the primer strand between the two active sites to achieve fast and accurate replication. Prior mutational and structural studies suggested that a beta hairpin structure located in the exonuclease domain of family B polymerases might play an important role in active site switching in the event of a nucleotide misincorporation. We show that deleting the beta hairpin loop in RB69 gp43 affects neither polymerase nor exonuclease activities. Single binding event studies with mismatched primer termini, however, show that the beta hairpin plays a role in maintaining the stability of the polymerase/DNA interactions during the binding of the primer DNA in the exonuclease active site but not on the return of the corrected primer to the polymerase active site. In addition, the deletion variant showed a more stable incorporation of a nucleotide opposite an abasic site. Moreover, in the 2.4 A crystal structure of the beta hairpin deletion variant incorporating an A opposite a templating furan, all four molecules in the crystal asymmetric unit have DNA in the polymerase active site, despite the presence of DNA distortions because of the misincorporation, confirming that the primer strand is not stably bound within the exonuclease active site in the absence of the beta hairpin loop. FAU - Hogg, Matthew AU - Hogg M AD - Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA. FAU - Aller, Pierre AU - Aller P FAU - Konigsberg, William AU - Konigsberg W FAU - Wallace, Susan S AU - Wallace SS FAU - Doublie, Sylvie AU - Doublie S LA - eng SI - PDB/2DTU GR - R01 CA052040-16/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - CA52040/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20061109 PL - United States TA - J Biol Chem JT - The Journal of biological chemistry JID - 2985121R RN - 0 (DNA, Single-Stranded) RN - 0 (Viral Proteins) RN - 0 (gene 43 protein, Enterobacteria phage T4) RN - EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase) RN - EC 2.7.7.7 (bacteriophage RB69 DNA polymerase) RN - EC 3.1.- (Exodeoxyribonucleases) SB - IM MH - Bacteriophage T4/*enzymology/genetics MH - Binding Sites/genetics MH - Crystallography MH - *DNA Replication MH - DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics/metabolism MH - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*chemistry/metabolism MH - Enzyme Activation MH - Exodeoxyribonucleases/*chemistry/metabolism MH - Gene Deletion MH - Protein Structure, Quaternary MH - Protein Structure, Tertiary MH - Viral Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism EDAT- 2006/11/14 09:00 MHDA- 2007/03/08 09:00 CRDT- 2006/11/14 09:00 PHST- 2006/11/14 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/03/08 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/11/14 09:00 [entrez] AID - M605675200 [pii] AID - 10.1074/jbc.M605675200 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 12;282(2):1432-44. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M605675200. Epub 2006 Nov 9.