4YZW

Crystal structure of AgPPO8

• PDB DOI: https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb4YZW/pdb

• Classification: OXIDOREDUCTASE
• Organism(s): Anopheles gambiae
• Expression System: Escherichia coli
• Mutation(s): No 


• Deposited: 2015-03-25 Released: 2015-12-23 
• Deposition Author(s): Hu, Y.
• Funding Organization(s): National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2.60 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.233 
• R-Value Work: 0.188 
• R-Value Observed: 0.191 

Literature

The structure of a prophenoloxidase (PPO) from Anopheles gambiae provides new insights into the mechanism of PPO activation.

Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Deng, J., Jiang, H.

(2016) BMC Biol 14: 2-2

• PubMed: 26732497 
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-015-0225-2
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  4YZW


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

  Phenoloxidase (PO)-catalyzed melanization is a universal defense mechanism of insects against pathogenic and parasitic infections. In mosquitos such as Anopheles gambiae, melanotic encapsulation is a resistance mechanism against certain parasites that cause malaria and filariasis. PO is initially synthesized by hemocytes and released into hemolymph as inactive prophenoloxidase (PPO), which is activated by a serine protease cascade upon recognition of foreign invaders. The mechanisms of PPO activation and PO catalysis have been elusive.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA. [e-mail].

Biological Assembly 1  

Global Symmetry: Cyclic - C2  (Explore in 3D)
Global Stoichiometry: Homo 2-mer - A2 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors and generated by PISA (software)

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 163.9 kDa 
• Atom Count: 11,168 
• Modelled Residue Count: 1,360 
• Deposited Residue Count: 1,440 
• Unique protein chains: 1

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
AGAP004976-PA	A, B	720	Anopheles gambiae	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: ppo8, PPO8, AgaP_AGAP004976
UniProt
Find proteins for Q8MZM3 (Anopheles gambiae) Explore Q8MZM3  Go to UniProtKB:  Q8MZM3

Small Molecules

Ligands 1 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
CU	C [auth A], D [auth A], E [auth B], F [auth B]	COPPER (II) ION Cu JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2.60 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.233 
• R-Value Work: 0.188 
• R-Value Observed: 0.191 
• Space Group: P 1 2₁ 1

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 75.583	α = 90
b = 106.583	β = 105.79
c = 92.11	γ = 90

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
PHENIX	refinement
HKL-3000	data reduction
HKL-3000	data scaling
PHASER	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data

• Released Date: 2015-12-23 
Deposition Author(s): Hu, Y.

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Funding Organization	Location	Grant Number
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)	United States	AI113539, GM58634, AI112662

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 2015-12-23
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2016-01-20
  Changes: Database references
• Version 1.2: 2017-09-06
  Changes: Advisory, Author supporting evidence, Derived calculations
• Version 1.3: 2019-12-25
  Changes: Author supporting evidence
• Version 1.4: 2023-09-27
  Changes: Advisory, Data collection, Database references, Refinement description