1MAQ

CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF TRUE ENZYMATIC REACTION INTERMEDIATES: ASPARTATE AND GLUTAMATE KETIMINES IN ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.30 Å
  • R-Value Observed: 0.169 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.4 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Crystal structures of true enzymatic reaction intermediates: aspartate and glutamate ketimines in aspartate aminotransferase.

Malashkevich, V.N.Toney, M.D.Jansonius, J.N.

(1993) Biochemistry 32: 13451-13462

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00212a010
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1MAP, 1MAQ

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    The crystal structures of the stable, closed complexes of chicken mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase with the natural substrates L-aspartate and L-glutamate have been solved and refined at 2.4- and 2.3-A resolution, respectively. In both cases, clear electron density at the substrate-coenzyme binding site unequivocally indicates the presence of a covalent intermediate. The crystallographically identical environments of the two subunits of the alpha 2 dimer allow a simple, direct correlation of the coenzyme absorption spectra of the crystalline enzyme with the diffraction results. Deconvolution of the spectra of the crystalline complexes using lognormal curves indicates that the ketimine intermediates constitute 76% and 83% of the total enzyme populations with L-aspartate and L-glutamate, respectively. The electron density maps accommodate the ketimine structures best in agreement with the independent spectral data. Crystalline enzyme has a much higher affinity for keto acid substrates compared to enzyme in solution. The increased affinity is interpreted in terms of a perturbation of the open/closed conformational equilibrium by the crystal lattice, with the closed form having greater affinity for substrate. The crystal lattice contacts provide energy required for domain closure normally supplied by the excess binding energy of the substrate. In solution, enzyme saturated with amino/keto acid substrate pairs has a greater total fraction of intermediates in the aldehyde oxidation state compared to crystalline enzyme. Assuming the only difference between the solution and crystalline enzymes is in conformational freedom, this difference suggests that one or more substantially populated, aldehydic intermediates in solution exist in the open conformation. Quantitative analyses of the spectra indicate that the value of the equilibrium constant for the open-closed conformational transition of the liganded, aldehydic enzyme in solution is near 1. The C4' pro-S proton in the ketimine models is oriented nearly perpendicularly to the plane of the pyridine ring, suggesting that the enzyme facilitates its removal by maximizing sigma-pi orbital overlap. The absence of a localized water molecule near Lys258 dictates that ketimine hydrolysis occurs via a transiently bound water molecule or from an alternative, possibly more open, structure in which water is appropriately bound. A prominent mechanistic role for flexibility of the Lys258 side chain is suggested by the absence of hydrogen bonds to the amino group in the aspartate structure and the relatively high temperature factors for these atoms in both structures.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Structural Biology, University of Basel, Switzerland.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE401Gallus gallusMutation(s): 0 
EC: 2.6.1.1
UniProt
Find proteins for P00508 (Gallus gallus)
Explore P00508 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00508
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00508
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 1 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
PGU
Query on PGU

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
B [auth A]N-({3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]pyridin-4-yl}methyl)-L-glutamic acid
C13 H19 N2 O9 P
JMRKOGDJNHPMHS-JTQLQIEISA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.30 Å
  • R-Value Observed: 0.169 
  • Space Group: C 2 2 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 70α = 90
b = 92.1β = 90
c = 128.9γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
TNTrefinement

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 1994-01-31
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-03-03
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Derived calculations, Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2017-11-29
    Changes: Derived calculations, Other
  • Version 1.4: 2024-02-14
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations