1K2C

Combining Mutations in HIV-1 Protease to Understand Mechanisms of Resistance


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.20 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.299 
  • R-Value Work: 0.201 

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 1.5 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Combining mutations in HIV-1 protease to understand mechanisms of resistance.

Mahalingam, B.Boross, P.Wang, Y.F.Louis, J.M.Fischer, C.C.Tozser, J.Harrison, R.W.Weber, I.T.

(2002) Proteins 48: 107-116

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.10140
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1K1T, 1K1U, 1K2B, 1K2C

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    HIV-1 develops resistance to protease inhibitors predominantly by selecting mutations in the protease gene. Studies of resistant mutants of HIV-1 protease with single amino acid substitutions have shown a range of independent effects on specificity, inhibition, and stability. Four double mutants, K45I/L90M, K45I/V82S, D30N/V82S, and N88D/L90M were selected for analysis on the basis of observations of increased or decreased stability or enzymatic activity for the respective single mutants. The double mutants were assayed for catalysis, inhibition, and stability. Crystal structures were analyzed for the double mutants at resolutions of 2.2-1.2 A to determine the associated molecular changes. Sequence-dependent changes in protease-inhibitor interactions were observed in the crystal structures. Mutations D30N, K45I, and V82S showed altered interactions with inhibitor residues at P2/P2', P3/P3'/P4/P4', and P1/P1', respectively. One of the conformations of Met90 in K45I/L90M has an unfavorably close contact with the carbonyl oxygen of Asp25, as observed previously in the L90M single mutant. The observed catalytic efficiency and inhibition for the double mutants depended on the specific substrate or inhibitor. In particular, large variation in cleavage of p6(pol)-PR substrate was observed, which is likely to result in defects in the maturation of the protease from the Gag-Pol precursor and hence viral replication. Three of the double mutants showed values for stability that were intermediate between the values observed for the respective single mutants. D30N/V82S mutant showed lower stability than either of the two individual mutations, which is possibly due to concerted changes in the central P2-P2' and S2-S2' sites. The complex effects of combining mutations are discussed.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
PROTEASE RETROPEPSIN
A, B
99Human immunodeficiency virus 1Mutation(s): 2 
EC: 3.4.23.16
UniProt
Find proteins for P04587 (Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH5))
Explore P04587 
Go to UniProtKB:  P04587
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP04587
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 1 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
0Q4
Query on 0Q4

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth B]N-[(2R)-2-({N~5~-[amino(iminio)methyl]-L-ornithyl-L-valyl}amino)-4-methylpentyl]-L-phenylalanyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-alanyl-L-norleucinamide
C40 H70 N11 O8
SGWAZUZKMXHYMB-UQGDEETHSA-O
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.20 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.299 
  • R-Value Work: 0.201 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 51.903α = 90
b = 59.51β = 90
c = 61.913γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
AMoREphasing
X-PLORrefinement
SCALEPACKdata scaling

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2002-07-10
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-27
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Atomic model, Database references, Derived calculations, Non-polymer description, Structure summary, Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2012-12-12
    Changes: Other
  • Version 1.4: 2021-10-27
    Changes: Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description
  • Version 1.5: 2023-08-16
    Changes: Data collection, Refinement description