1XH1

Structure of the N298S variant of human pancreatic alpha-amylase complexed with chloride


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.03 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.207 
  • R-Value Work: 0.163 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 2.2 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Structural and mechanistic studies of chloride induced activation of human pancreatic alpha-amylase

Maurus, R.Begum, A.Kuo, H.H.Racaza, A.Numao, S.Andersen, C.Tams, J.W.Vind, J.Overall, C.M.Withers, S.G.Brayer, G.D.

(2005) Protein Sci 14: 743-755

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1110/ps.041079305
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1XGZ, 1XH0, 1XH1, 1XH2

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    The mechanism of allosteric activation of alpha-amylase by chloride has been studied through structural and kinetic experiments focusing on the chloride-dependent N298S variant of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) and a chloride-independent TAKA-amylase. Kinetic analysis of the HPA variant clearly demonstrates the pronounced activating effect of chloride ion binding on reaction rates and its effect on the pH-dependence of catalysis. Structural alterations observed in the N298S variant upon chloride ion binding suggest that the chloride ion plays a variety of roles that serve to promote catalysis. One of these is having a strong influence on the positioning of the acid/base catalyst residue E233. Absence of chloride ion results in multiple conformations for this residue and unexpected enzymatic products. Chloride ion and N298 also appear to stabilize a helical region of polypeptide chain from which projects the flexible substrate binding loop unique to chloride-dependent alpha-amylases. This structural feature also serves to properly orient the catalytically essential residue D300. Comparative analyses show that the chloride-independent alpha-amylases compensate for the absence of bound chloride by substituting a hydrophobic core, altering the manner in which substrate interactions are made and shifting the placement of N298. These evolutionary differences presumably arise in response to alternative operating environments or the advantage gained in a particular product profile. Attempts to engineer chloride-dependence into the chloride-independent TAKA-amylase point out the complexity of this system, and the fact that a multitude of factors play a role in binding chloride ion in the chloride-dependent alpha-amylases.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Alpha-amylase, pancreatic496Homo sapiensMutation(s): 1 
EC: 3.2.1.1
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P04746 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P04746 
Go to UniProtKB:  P04746
PHAROS:  P04746
GTEx:  ENSG00000243480 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP04746
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 3 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
NAG
Query on NAG

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
B [auth A]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
C8 H15 N O6
OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N
CA
Query on CA

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth A]CALCIUM ION
Ca
BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CL
Query on CL

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
D [auth A]CHLORIDE ION
Cl
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Modified Residues  1 Unique
IDChains TypeFormula2D DiagramParent
PCA
Query on PCA
A
L-PEPTIDE LINKINGC5 H7 N O3GLN
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.03 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.207 
  • R-Value Work: 0.163 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 52.91α = 90
b = 68.9β = 90
c = 131.77γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
CNSrefinement
CNSphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2005-05-24
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-30
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Non-polymer description, Version format compliance
  • Version 2.0: 2019-12-25
    Changes: Database references, Derived calculations, Polymer sequence
  • Version 2.1: 2020-07-29
    Type: Remediation
    Reason: Carbohydrate remediation
    Changes: Data collection, Derived calculations, Structure summary
  • Version 2.2: 2021-11-10
    Changes: Database references, Structure summary