4PHN

The Structural Basis of Differential Inhibition of Human Calpain by Indole and Phenyl alpha-Mercaptoacrylic Acids


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.79 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.228 
  • R-Value Work: 0.183 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.186 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 2.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

The structural basis of differential inhibition of human calpain by indole and phenyl alpha-mercaptoacrylic acids.

Adams, S.E.Rizkallah, P.J.Miller, D.J.Robinson, E.J.Hallett, M.B.Allemann, R.K.

(2014) J Struct Biol 187: 236-241

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2014.07.004
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4PHJ, 4PHK, 4PHM, 4PHN

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Excessive activity of neutrophils has been linked to many pathological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Calpain-I is a Ca(2+)-dependent protease that plays a key role in the extravasation of neutrophils from the blood stream prior to causing damage within affected tissues. Inhibition of calpain-I with small molecule mercaptoacrylic acid derivatives slows the cell spreading process of live neutrophils and so these compounds represent promising drug leads. Here we present the 2.05 and 2.03 Å co-crystal X-ray structures of the pentaEF hand region, PEF(S), from human calpain with (Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-mercaptoacrylic acid and (Z)-3-(5-bromoindol-3-yl)-2-mercaptoacrylic acid. In both structures, the α-mercaptoacrylic acid derivatives bind between two α-helices in a hydrophobic pocket that is also exploited by a leucine residue of the endogenous regulatory calpain inhibitor calpastatin. Hydrophobic interactions between the aromatic rings of both inhibitors and the aliphatic residues of the pocket are integral for tight binding. In the case of (Z)-3-(5-bromoindol-3-yl)-2-mercaptoacrylic acid, hydrogen bonds form between the mercaptoacrylic acid substituent lying outside the pocket and the protein and the carboxylate group is coplanar with the aromatic ring system. Multiple conformations of (Z)-3-(5-bromoindol-3-yl)-2-mercaptoacrylic acid were found within the pocket. The increased potency of (Z)-3-(5-bromoindol-3-yl)-2-mercaptoacrylic acid relative to (Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-mercaptoacrylic acid may be a consequence of the indole group binding more deeply in the hydrophobic pocket of PEF(S) than the phenyl ring.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Calpain small subunit 1
A, B
173Sus scrofaMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: CAPNS1CAPN4
UniProt
Find proteins for P04574 (Sus scrofa)
Explore P04574 
Go to UniProtKB:  P04574
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP04574
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.79 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.228 
  • R-Value Work: 0.183 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.186 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 49.53α = 90
b = 70.56β = 108.79
c = 58.67γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
XDSdata reduction
XSCALEdata scaling
PHASERphasing

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)United KingdomG0701192

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2014-08-13
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2014-09-10
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2015-02-04
    Changes: Other
  • Version 2.0: 2017-09-13
    Changes: Advisory, Atomic model, Author supporting evidence, Derived calculations
  • Version 2.1: 2023-12-20
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description