1F98

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE PHOTOACTIVE YELLOW PROTEIN MUTANT T50V


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.15 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.176 
  • R-Value Work: 0.132 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.136 

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Literature

Coupling of hydrogen bonding to chromophore conformation and function in photoactive yellow protein.

Brudler, R.Meyer, T.E.Genick, U.K.Devanathan, S.Woo, T.T.Millar, D.P.Gerwert, K.Cusanovich, M.A.Tollin, G.Getzoff, E.D.

(2000) Biochemistry 39: 13478-13486

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0009946
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1F98, 1F9I

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    To understand in atomic detail how a chromophore and a protein interact to sense light and send a biological signal, we are characterizing photoactive yellow protein (PYP), a water-soluble, 14 kDa blue-light receptor which undergoes a photocycle upon illumination. The active site residues glutamic acid 46, arginine 52, tyrosine 42, and threonine 50 form a hydrogen bond network with the anionic p-hydroxycinnamoyl cysteine 69 chromophore in the PYP ground state, suggesting an essential role for these residues for the maintenance of the chromophore's negative charge, the photocycle kinetics, the signaling mechanism, and the protein stability. Here, we describe the role of T50 and Y42 by use of site-specific mutants. T50 and Y42 are involved in fine-tuning the chromophore's absorption maximum. The high-resolution X-ray structures show that the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the protein and the chromophore are weakened in the mutants, leading to increased electron density on the chromophore's aromatic ring and consequently to a red shift of its absorption maximum from 446 nm to 457 and 458 nm in the mutants T50V and Y42F, respectively. Both mutants have slightly perturbed photocycle kinetics and, similar to the R52A mutant, are bleached more rapidly and recover more slowly than the wild type. The effect of pH on the kinetics is similar to wild-type PYP, suggesting that T50 and Y42 are not directly involved in any protonation or deprotonation events that control the speed of the light cycle. The unfolding energies, 26.8 and 25.1 kJ/mol for T50V and Y42F, respectively, are decreased when compared to that of the wild type (29.7 kJ/mol). In the mutant Y42F, the reduced protein stability gives rise to a second PYP population with an altered chromophore conformation as shown by UV/visible and FT Raman spectroscopy. The second chromophore conformation gives rise to a shoulder at 391 nm in the UV/visible absorption spectrum and indicates that the hydrogen bond between Y42 and the chromophore is crucial for the stabilization of the native chromophore and protein conformation. The two conformations in the Y42F mutant can be interconverted by chaotropic and kosmotropic agents, respectively, according to the Hofmeister series. The FT Raman spectra and the acid titration curves suggest that the 391 nm form of the chromophore is not fully protonated. The fluorescence quantum yield of the mutant Y42F is 1.8% and is increased by an order of magnitude when compared to the wild type.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. rbrudler@scripps.edu


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
PHOTOACTIVE YELLOW PROTEIN125Halorhodospira halophilaMutation(s): 1 
UniProt
Find proteins for P16113 (Halorhodospira halophila)
Explore P16113 
Go to UniProtKB:  P16113
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP16113
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 1 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
HC4
Query on HC4

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
B [auth A]4'-HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID
C9 H8 O3
NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.15 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.176 
  • R-Value Work: 0.132 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.136 
  • Space Group: P 63
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 67.832α = 90
b = 67.832β = 90
c = 39.359γ = 120
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
XFITdata reduction
SHELXL-97refinement
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2000-07-21
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-27
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2021-11-03
    Changes: Database references, Derived calculations