1C1S

RECRUITING ZINC TO MEDIATE POTENT, SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF SERINE PROTEASES


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.63 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.206 
  • R-Value Work: 0.185 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.185 

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 2.0 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Recruiting Zn2+ to mediate potent, specific inhibition of serine proteases.

Katz, B.A.Luong, C.

(1999) J Mol Biol 292: 669-684

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1999.3071
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1C1S

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    As regulators of ubiquitous biological processes, serine proteases can cause disease states when inappropriately expressed or regulated, and are thus rational targets for inhibition by drugs. Recently we described a new inhibition mechanism applicable for the development of potent, selective small molecule serine protease inhibitors that recruit physiological Zn2+ to mediate high affinity (sub-nanomolar) binding. To demonstrate some of the structural principles by which the selectivity of Zn2+-mediated serine protease inhibitors can be developed toward or against a particular target, here we determine and describe the structures of thrombin-BABIM-Zn2+, -keto-BABIM-Zn2+, and -hemi-BABIM-Zn2+ (where BABIM is bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane, keto-BABIM is bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane ketone, and hemi-BABIM is (5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)(2-benzimidazolyl)methane), and compare them with the corresponding trypsin-inhibitor-Zn2+ complexes. Inhibitor binding is mediated by a Zn ion tetrahedrally coordinated by two benzimidazole nitrogen atoms of the inhibitor, by N(epsilon2)His57, and by O(gamma)Ser195. The structures of Zn2+-free trypsin-BABIM and -hemi-BABIM were also determined at selected pH values for comparison with the corresponding Zn2+-mediated complexes. To assess some of the physiological parameters important for harnessing Zn2+ as a co-inhibitor, crystal structures at multiple pH and [Zn2+] values were determined for trypsin-keto-BABIM. The Kdvalue of Zn2+ for the binary trypsin-keto-BABIM complex was estimated to be <12 nM at pH 7.06 by crystallographic determination of the occupancy of bound Zn2+ in trypsin-keto-BABIM crystals soaked at this pH in synthetic mother liquor containing inhibitor and 100 nM Zn2+. In synthetic mother liquor saturated in Zn2+, trypsin-bound keto-BABIM is unhydrated at pH 9.00 and 9.93, and has an sp2 hybridized ketone carbon bridging the 5-amidinobenzimidazoles, whereas at pH 7.00 and 8.00 it undergoes hydration and a change in geometry upon addition of water to the bridging carbonyl group. To show how Zn2+ could be recruited as a co-inhibitor of other enzymes, a method was developed for locating in protein crystals Zn2+ binding sites where design of Zn2+-mediated ligands can be attempted. Thus, by soaking trypsin crystals in high concentrations of Zn2+ in the absence of a molecular inhibitor, the site where Zn2+ mediates binding of BABIM and analogs was identified, as well as another Zn2+ binding site.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Axys Pharmaceutical Corporation, 385 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. bak@axyspharm.com


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
TRYPSIN223Bos taurusMutation(s): 0 
EC: 3.4.21.4
UniProt
Find proteins for P00760 (Bos taurus)
Explore P00760 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00760
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00760
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.63 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.206 
  • R-Value Work: 0.185 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.185 
  • Space Group: P 31 2 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 55.35α = 90
b = 55.35β = 90
c = 109.8γ = 120
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
bioteXdata collection
bioteXdata reduction
X-PLORmodel building
Quantamodel building
Insight IImodel building
X-PLORrefinement
bioteXdata scaling
X-PLORphasing

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2000-07-26
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2007-10-23
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Atomic model, Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2017-10-04
    Changes: Advisory, Refinement description
  • Version 2.0: 2023-12-27
    Changes: Advisory, Atomic model, Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations