Chemical Component Summary

Name1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide
SynonymsRibavirin
Identifiers1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis(oxidanyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide
FormulaC8 H12 N4 O5
Molecular Weight244.205
TypeNON-POLYMER
Isomeric SMILESc1nc(nn1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)N
InChIInChI=1S/C8H12N4O5/c9-6(16)7-10-2-12(11-7)8-5(15)4(14)3(1-13)17-8/h2-5,8,13-15H,1H2,(H2,9,16)/t3-,4-,5-,8-/m1/s1
InChIKeyIWUCXVSUMQZMFG-AFCXAGJDSA-N

Chemical Details

Formal Charge0
Atom Count29
Chiral Atom Count4
Bond Count30
Aromatic Bond Count5

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank IDDB00811 
NameRibavirin
Groups approved
DescriptionProducing a broad-spectrum activity against several RNA and DNA viruses, Ribavirin is a synthetic guanosine nucleoside and antiviral agent that interferes with the synthesis of viral mRNA. It is primarily indicated for use in treating hepatitis C and viral hemorrhagic fevers. HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients [L852]. It is reported that ribavirin might be only effective in early stages of viral hemorrhagic fevers including Lasser fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, and Hantavirus infection. Ribavirin is a prodrug that is metabolized into nucleoside analogs that blocks viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping. Before the development of newer drugs, ribavirin and [DB00008]/[DB00022] dual therapy was considered the first-generation and standard antiviral treatment [A19626]. The dual therapy was administered for 48 weeks in patients with genotype 1, 4, 5, and 6, and 24 weeks in patients with genotype 2 and 3 [A19626]. Newer drugs developed as Hepatitis C viral infection treatments can be used to reduce or eliminate the use of ribavirin, which are associated with serious adverse effects. They also improve therapeutic efficacy in patients with failed [DB00008]/[DB00022] and ribavirin-based therapy. The potential use of ribavirin as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia is currently under investigation. According to 2017 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and 2015 consensus guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver (CASL), ribavirin is typically used as an adjunct therapy to various first-line and second-line combination therapies recommended for each genotypes. Ribavirin is added to decrease relapse rates by accelerating viral clearance early in the treatment course [A19645]. When used to treat Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, it is always used as a part of combination therapies as ribavirin monotherapy is not efficacious in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection [A19644]. Additionally, including ribavirin in the regimen can increase the risk of anemia. In HCV genotye 1/2/3/4/5/6 patients, ribavirin can be used in combination therapy involving [DB09102] and [DB08934], Eplusa ([DB08934], [DB11613]), Harvoni ([DB08934], [DB09027]), [DB06290] and [DB08934], Viekira Pak ([DB09296], [DB09297], [DB00503], [DB09183]), Technivie ([DB00503], [DB09296], [DB09297]) and Zepatier ([DB11574], [DB11575]). Addition of weight-based ribavirin to Technivie therapy increased sustained virologic response after 12 weeks of daily therapy (SVR12) from 90% to 97% in patients with HCV genotype 1a and 90.9% to 100% in HCV genotype 4 patients [L852]. Zepatier therapy along with ribavirin improved SVR in HCV genotype 5 patients. Combination therapy of ribavirin and [DB00008] results in the SVR of 44% in patients with genotype 1 infection and 70% in patients with genotype 2-6. The inclusion of ribavirin in the combination therapies depend on individual patient's profile, for example if HCV genotype 3 patient has a Y93H genetic variant and compensated cirrhosis.
Synonyms
  • Ribavirina
  • Ribavirin
  • 1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide
  • RBV
  • Tribavirin
Brand Names
  • Ribasphere
  • Pegetron
  • Ribavirin
  • Pegasys Rbv
  • Ribavirin Teva
IndicationIndicated for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in combination with other antiviral agents with the intent to cure or achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR). Typically added to improve SVR and reduce relapse rates [A19644]. The addition of ribavirin in Technivie therapy indicated for treating HCV genotype 1a and 4 infections is recommended in patients with or without cirrhosis. Resistance: viral genetic determinants resulting in variable response to ribavirin therapy has not been yet determined.
Categories
  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
  • Antimetabolites
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Antivirals for Systemic Use
ATC-CodeJ05AP01
CAS number36791-04-5

Drug Targets

NameTarget SequencePharmacological ActionActions
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1MADYLISGGTGYVPEDGLTAQQLFASADGLTYNDFLILPGFIDFIADEVD...unknowninhibitor
RNA-directed RNA polymerase LMAASSEILLPEVHLNSPIVKHKLIYYLLLGHFPHDLDISEISPLHNNDWD...unknownantagonist
Genome polyproteinMNDQRKKARNTPFNMLKRERNRVSTVQQLTKRFSLGMLQGRGPLKLFMAL...unknowninhibitor
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2MADYLISGGTSYVPDDGLTAQQLFNCGDGLTYNDFLILPGYIDFTADQVD...unknown
RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunitMDVNPTLLFLKVPAQNAISTTFPYTGDPPYSHGTGTGYTMDTVNRTHQYS...unknowninhibitor
View More
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682

Related Resource References

Resource NameReference
Pharos CHEMBL1643
PubChem 37542
ChEMBL CHEMBL1643
ChEBI CHEBI:63580
CCDC/CSD VIRAZL01, FOQREK, FOQRIO, VIRAZL
COD 4512228, 4512227