1GUA

HUMAN RAP1A, RESIDUES 1-167, DOUBLE MUTANT (E30D,K31E) COMPLEXED WITH GPPNHP AND THE RAS-BINDING-DOMAIN OF HUMAN C-RAF1, RESIDUES 51-131

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A	d1guaa_	Alpha and beta proteins (a/b)	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	G proteins	Rap1A	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
B	d1guab_	Alpha and beta proteins (a+b)	beta-Grasp (ubiquitin-like)	Ubiquitin-like	Ras-binding domain, RBD	c-Raf1 RBD	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Ras-like P-loop GTPases	8057410	3002022	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
B	SCOP2B Superfamily	Ubiquitin-like	8034476	3000157	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	Ras	e1guaA1	A: a/b three-layered sandwiches	X: P-loop domains-like	H: P-loop domains-related	T: P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases	F: Ras	ECOD (1.6)
B	RBD	e1guaB1	A: a+b two layers	X: beta-Grasp	H: Ubiquitin-related	T: Ubiquitin-like	F: RBD	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
A	3.40.50.300	Alpha Beta	3-Layer(aba) Sandwich	Rossmann fold	P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases	CATH (4.3.0)
B	3.10.20.90	Alpha Beta	Roll	Ubiquitin-like (UB roll)	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Catalytic Subunit	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF00071	Ras family (Ras)	Ras family	Includes sub-families Ras, Rab, Rac, Ral, Ran, Rap Ypt1 and more. Shares P-loop motif with GTP_EFTU, arf and myosin_head. See Pfam:PF00009 Pfam:PF00025, Pfam:PF00063. As regards Rab GTPases, these are important regulators of vesicle formation, motil ...	Includes sub-families Ras, Rab, Rac, Ral, Ran, Rap Ypt1 and more. Shares P-loop motif with GTP_EFTU, arf and myosin_head. See Pfam:PF00009 Pfam:PF00025, Pfam:PF00063. As regards Rab GTPases, these are important regulators of vesicle formation, motility and fusion. They share a fold in common with all Ras GTPases: this is a six-stranded beta-sheet surrounded by five alpha-helices [1].	Domain
B	PF02196	Raf-like Ras-binding domain (RBD)	Raf-like Ras-binding domain	-	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	RAP1A	small GTPase binding protein binding binding enzyme binding GTPase binding guanyl nucleotide binding GTP binding nucleotide binding guanyl ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding organic cyclic compound binding small GTPase binding protein binding binding enzyme binding GTPase binding guanyl nucleotide binding GTP binding nucleotide binding guanyl ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding organic cyclic compound binding purine nucleotide binding anion binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding GDP binding protein-containing complex binding GTPase regulator activity enzyme regulator activity guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity nucleoside-triphosphatase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity pyrophosphatase activity GTPase activity G protein activity ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides catalytic activity	regulation of localization regulated exocytosis regulation of cellular process synaptic vesicle cycle negative regulation of biological process synaptic vesicle exocytosis negative regulation of transport vesicle-mediated transport cell communication vesicle-mediated transport in synapse localization negative regulation of secretion establishment of localization in cell negative regulation of secretion by cell regulation of localization regulated exocytosis regulation of cellular process synaptic vesicle cycle negative regulation of biological process synaptic vesicle exocytosis negative regulation of transport vesicle-mediated transport cell communication vesicle-mediated transport in synapse localization negative regulation of secretion establishment of localization in cell negative regulation of secretion by cell trans-synaptic signaling regulation of biological process neurotransmitter secretion regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis neurotransmitter transport establishment of localization negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis regulation of secretion signal release from synapse regulation of trans-synaptic signaling exocytosis cellular localization transport modulation of chemical synaptic transmission signaling negative regulation of regulated secretory pathway regulation of regulated secretory pathway synaptic signaling regulation of secretion by cell secretion by cell negative regulation of exocytosis signal release negative regulation of cellular process regulation of signaling regulation of transport secretion regulation of neurotransmitter transport biological regulation export from cell cell-cell signaling regulation of vesicle-mediated transport chemical synaptic transmission regulation of neurotransmitter secretion anterograde trans-synaptic signaling regulation of exocytosis regulation of cell communication cellular process cellular response to stimulus cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to stimulus cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus cellular response to endogenous stimulus nerve growth factor signaling pathway neurotrophin signaling pathway response to nerve growth factor response to growth factor signal transduction small GTPase-mediated signal transduction intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette Rap protein signal transduction positive regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signal transduction positive regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade regulation of intracellular signal transduction positive regulation of cellular process positive regulation of MAPK cascade positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of response to stimulus MAPK cascade ERK1 and ERK2 cascade regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade positive regulation of signaling multicellular organismal process regulation of developmental process cellular developmental process regulation of vasculogenesis regulation of cell differentiation vasculogenesis positive regulation of developmental process multicellular organism development tube morphogenesis positive regulation of cell differentiation cell differentiation anatomical structure development blood vessel development system development developmental process blood vessel morphogenesis tube development vasculature development circulatory system development anatomical structure morphogenesis positive regulation of vasculogenesis positive regulation of molecular function regulation of molecular function positive regulation of hydrolase activity regulation of catalytic activity regulation of hydrolase activity positive regulation of catalytic activity regulation of GTPase activity positive regulation of GTPase activity protein localization protein localization to cell periphery protein localization to plasma membrane cellular macromolecule localization macromolecule localization localization within membrane protein localization to membrane cellular response to nitrogen compound response to organic substance response to organonitrogen compound response to organophosphorus cellular response to organic cyclic compound response to oxygen-containing compound response to nitrogen compound response to purine-containing compound response to cAMP cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to chemical stimulus cellular response to organonitrogen compound response to chemical cellular response to cAMP cellular response to organic substance response to organic cyclic compound regulation of neuron projection development regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization cell projection organization cell development neuron projection development cellular component organization neurogenesis neuron differentiation positive regulation of neuron projection development positive regulation of cell projection organization cellular component organization or biogenesis plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization regulation of cell projection organization nervous system development generation of neurons neuron development regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization protein localization to synapse regulation of protein localization regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane regulation of protein localization to synapse neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane regulation of biological quality regulation of protein localization to membrane regulation of receptor localization to synapse protein localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane protein localization to postsynaptic membrane regulation of protein localization to cell periphery protein-containing complex localization regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels regulation of cellular localization protein localization to organelle protein localization to postsynapse protein localization to cell junction receptor localization to synapse regulation of cellular component biogenesis regulation of cell junction assembly cellular component biogenesis cell junction organization cellular component assembly cell junction assembly epithelium development endothelial cell differentiation endothelium development tissue development epithelial cell differentiation endothelial cell development epithelial cell development establishment of endothelial barrier positive regulation of phosphorylation regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process regulation of phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process protein modification process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation protein phosphorylation positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation cellular metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process primary metabolic process positive regulation of kinase activity regulation of kinase activity macromolecule modification regulation of phosphorus metabolic process metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of protein metabolic process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of protein modification process organic substance metabolic process protein metabolic process positive regulation of protein kinase activity organonitrogen compound metabolic process positive regulation of transferase activity regulation of protein kinase activity regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of phosphorylation	cell junction cellular anatomical entity membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure membrane intracellular vesicle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system specific granule membrane intracellular organelle cytoplasmic vesicle membrane bounding membrane of organelle vesicle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle cell junction cellular anatomical entity membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure membrane intracellular vesicle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system specific granule membrane intracellular organelle cytoplasmic vesicle membrane bounding membrane of organelle vesicle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle organelle secretory granule secretory vesicle cytoplasm vesicle organelle membrane secretory granule membrane specific granule extracellular exosome extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region extracellular space extracellular membrane-bounded organelle cytosol anchoring junction cell periphery plasma membrane presynapse synapse cell projection sperm midpiece cilium 9+2 motile cilium sperm flagellum motile cilium plasma membrane bounded cell projection protein-containing complex guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex intracellular protein-containing complex glutamatergic synapse neuron projection early endosome endosome perinuclear region of cytoplasm endosome membrane late endosome
B	C-RAF1	protein serine/threonine kinase activity MAP kinase kinase kinase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein kinase activity protein kinase activity transferase activity catalytic activity phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding protein serine/threonine kinase activity MAP kinase kinase kinase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein kinase activity protein kinase activity transferase activity catalytic activity phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding purine nucleotide binding organic cyclic compound binding anion binding adenyl nucleotide binding ATP binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding cation binding metal ion binding identical protein binding protein binding protein serine kinase activity enzyme binding	negative regulation of hydrolase activity regulation of cellular process negative regulation of proteolysis regulation of catalytic activity negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of catalytic activity regulation of programmed cell death negative regulation of endopeptidase activity regulation of primary metabolic process negative regulation of peptidase activity regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process organic substance metabolic process regulation of proteolysis proteolysis regulation of endopeptidase activity negative regulation of hydrolase activity regulation of cellular process negative regulation of proteolysis regulation of catalytic activity negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of catalytic activity regulation of programmed cell death negative regulation of endopeptidase activity regulation of primary metabolic process negative regulation of peptidase activity regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process organic substance metabolic process regulation of proteolysis proteolysis regulation of endopeptidase activity negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process protein metabolic process negative regulation of protein metabolic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity regulation of biological process organonitrogen compound metabolic process negative regulation of programmed cell death regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of metabolic process regulation of peptidase activity biological regulation negative regulation of molecular function primary metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process cell death regulation of molecular function negative regulation of apoptotic process regulation of hydrolase activity negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity metabolic process cellular process macromolecule metabolic process apoptotic process regulation of metabolic process programmed cell death cellular response to stimulus extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors response to stimulus signaling negative regulation of signaling regulation of signal transduction extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway negative regulation of cell communication cell communication negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway signal transduction regulation of signaling cell surface receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors negative regulation of signal transduction regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors regulation of cell communication regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of phosphorylation regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of protein metabolic process positive regulation of biological process regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation positive regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process peptidyl-serine modification positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of protein modification process peptidyl-serine phosphorylation regulation of phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process peptidyl-amino acid modification positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation phosphorus metabolic process protein modification process positive regulation of cellular process protein phosphorylation positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation cellular metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation macromolecule modification regulation of phosphorus metabolic process regulation of phosphorylation regulation of cellular component organization negative regulation of cellular component organization protein-containing complex organization regulation of cellular component biogenesis negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis regulation of protein-containing complex assembly cellular component assembly protein-containing complex assembly cellular component organization or biogenesis insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway small GTPase-mediated signal transduction regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction regulation of Rho protein signal transduction intracellular signal transduction Rho protein signal transduction regulation of intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette MAPK cascade ERBB2 signaling pathway ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway ERBB signaling pathway ERBB3 signaling pathway response to organic substance biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms response to type II interferon response to cytokine cytokine-mediated signaling pathway cellular response to type II interferon response to biotic stimulus interferon-mediated signaling pathway response to stress innate immune response cellular response to cytokine stimulus cellular response to organic substance response to external biotic stimulus immune response response to other organism defense response type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway defense response to symbiont response to external stimulus cellular response to chemical stimulus response to chemical immune system process defense response to other organism cell population proliferation type B pancreatic cell proliferation epithelial cell proliferation intermediate filament-based process organelle organization cytoskeleton organization intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization developmental process multicellular organismal process somatic stem cell population maintenance maintenance of cell number stem cell population maintenance positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity positive regulation of cyclase activity positive regulation of catalytic activity positive regulation of molecular function regulation of lyase activity activation of adenylate cyclase activity regulation of adenylate cyclase activity regulation of cyclase activity positive regulation of lyase activity death-inducing signaling complex assembly positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process transcription by RNA polymerase II organic substance biosynthetic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of RNA metabolic process organic cyclic compound metabolic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription cellular biosynthetic process RNA metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleic acid biosynthetic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process head development anatomical structure development face development immune system development animal organ development gland development hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development multicellular organism development thymus development system development thyroid gland development endocrine system development cellular developmental process peripheral nervous system development cell development nervous system development glial cell development neurogenesis Schwann cell development gliogenesis glial cell differentiation cell differentiation Schwann cell differentiation protein localization establishment of protein localization nitrogen compound transport localization carbohydrate homeostasis cellular macromolecule localization establishment of localization in cell regulation of biological quality regulation of hormone levels organic substance transport establishment of protein localization to extracellular region intracellular glucose homeostasis protein secretion establishment of localization cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus chemical homeostasis response to glucose glucose homeostasis insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus cellular localization transport homeostatic process hormone secretion protein localization to extracellular region peptide secretion secretion by cell response to monosaccharide response to carbohydrate amide transport signal release cellular response to hexose stimulus intracellular chemical homeostasis cellular response to monosaccharide stimulus secretion cell-cell signaling export from cell response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to glucose stimulus peptide transport response to hexose cellular homeostasis protein transport peptide hormone secretion macromolecule localization hormone transport insulin secretion positive regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signal transduction positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of MAPK cascade positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of MAPK cascade positive regulation of signaling cellular response to nitrogen compound response to peptide hormone insulin receptor signaling pathway cellular response to endogenous stimulus response to hormone cellular response to hormone stimulus response to endogenous stimulus response to organonitrogen compound cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus response to nitrogen compound cellular response to organonitrogen compound response to insulin cellular response to insulin stimulus negative regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation wound healing response to wounding cellular response to growth factor stimulus neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway neurotrophin signaling pathway response to growth factor myelination axon ensheathment ensheathment of neurons regulation of cell motility regulation of locomotion cell motility locomotion response to mechanical stimulus response to abiotic stimulus response to muscle stretch regulation of developmental process regulation of cell differentiation	cell projection pseudopodium cellular anatomical entity plasma membrane bounded cell projection intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle Golgi apparatus organelle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system mitochondrial membrane cell projection pseudopodium cellular anatomical entity plasma membrane bounded cell projection intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle Golgi apparatus organelle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system mitochondrial membrane mitochondrion membrane organelle outer membrane organelle envelope bounding membrane of organelle mitochondrial envelope mitochondrial outer membrane outer membrane organelle membrane cell periphery plasma membrane nucleus

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A	IPR027417	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR020849	Small GTPase, Ras-type	Family
A	IPR001806	Small GTPase	Family
A	IPR038851	Ras-related protein Rap1	Family
A	IPR005225	Small GTP-binding protein domain	Domain
B	IPR003116	Raf-like Ras-binding	Domain
B	IPR020454	Diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester binding	Domain
B	IPR000719	Protein kinase domain	Domain
B	IPR017441	Protein kinase, ATP binding site	Binding Site
B	IPR002219	Protein kinase C-like, phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding domain	Domain
B	IPR011009	Protein kinase-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR029071	Ubiquitin-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR046349	C1-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR008271	Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site	Active Site

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A	Pharos: P62834	Kabuki syndrome atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor cystic fibrosis invasive ductal breast carcinoma lung adenocarcinoma non-small cell lung carcinoma breast cancer glioblastoma malignant ependymoma oligodendroglioma Crohn disease hereditary spastic paraplegia large cell medulloblastoma malignant glioma psoriasis
B	Pharos: P04049	Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines Noonan syndrome Noonan syndrome 5 LEOPARD syndrome 2 dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN hypertrophic cardiomyopathy malignant glioma dilated cardiomyopathy pilocytic astrocytoma mixed glioma non-small cell lung carcinoma Hyperalgesia liver cancer breast carcinoma malignant mesothelioma Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines Noonan syndrome Noonan syndrome 5 LEOPARD syndrome 2 dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN hypertrophic cardiomyopathy malignant glioma dilated cardiomyopathy pilocytic astrocytoma mixed glioma non-small cell lung carcinoma Hyperalgesia liver cancer breast carcinoma malignant mesothelioma cancer cardiomyopathy hydrops fetalis osteogenesis imperfecta intellectual disability lung adenocarcinoma urinary bladder cancer malignant ependymoma breast cancer Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease medulloblastoma dilated cardiomyopathy 1A familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy glioma ovarian cancer plasma cell myeloma kidney cancer lung benign neoplasm astrocytic tumor cutaneous melanoma melanoma neurofibromatosis type 1 hepatocellular carcinoma oligodendroglioma ovarian serous adenocarcinoma renal cell carcinoma kidney neoplasm liver neoplasm familial dilated cardiomyopathy non-alcoholic fatty liver disease glioblastoma

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the National Science Foundation (DBI-1832184), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM133198.